什么是单片机?
单片机(Microcontrollers)又称单片微控制器,是一种集成电路芯片。它把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上,相当于一个微型的计算机,和计算机相比,单片机只缺少了I/O设备。
概括的讲:一块芯片就成了一台计算机。它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。同时,学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。
单片机是电子组件,是小型计算引擎,可用于任何需要决策或系统监控的应用程序。有许多单片机可用于集成到产品中。单片机通常具有模拟和数字输入/输出功能。用户可以使用各种编程语言(如汇编,C和C ++)对微控制器进行编程。可以开发这些软件程序来监视和获取某些输入,执行高速计算和分析并生成输出以控制各种设备,例如LCD屏幕,致动器等。
单片机可以应用到哪些领域
单片机是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU、随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计数器等功能(可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路)集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的微型计算机系统,在工业控制领域广泛应用。
单片机的使用领域已十分广泛,如仪器仪表、家用电器、医用设备、航空航天、专用设备的智能化管理及过程控制等领域。各种产品一旦用上了单片机,就能起到使产品升级换代的功效,常在产品名称前冠以形容词——“智能型”,如智能型洗衣机等。
1、单片机可用于从计算器到高端复杂(如心脏监测器)的基本仪器。几乎所有电子医疗设备,如血压计,血糖仪和血氧饱和度计都有先进的单片机。
2、国防部门使用的复杂电子武器也包含单片机。反坦克导弹,地对空导弹以及现在军方使用的一些枪支都会在其电子电路中装有单片机。
3、日常生活中的电子玩具也包含单片机。由于单片机的集成,玩具变得更加有趣并且已经为孩子们提供了一个巨大的教育平台。迷你机器人玩具,遥控车,直升机和飞机是使用单片的产品。
4、厨房和家里使用的设备,如冰箱,电视,收音机,洗衣机,洗碗机甚至加湿器,都存在单片机。单片机在改善我们日常生活质量方面具有巨大的影响力。
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