search
Homephp教程php手册PHP设计模式之命令模式的深入解析

PHP设计模式之命令模式的深入解析

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:49 AM
commandphpOrderencapsulationoperateyesmechanismmodelgo deepofparseDesign PatternsUniversal

命令模式(Command),命令模式是封装一个通用操作的机制。

如果你熟悉C或PHP,你可能已经遇到过Command,它相当于程序中的:回调(callback)。回调通常使用一个函数指针或数据结构如PHP中的字符串和数组实现,Command是在一个方法调用之上的抽象,它吸收了所有面向对象的好处:合成、继承和处理。

例如,《设计模式》一书推荐使用Command存储用户行为链,以支持撤销和重做操作。

注意PHP 5.3函数编程能力(闭包)可以被当做Command模式的一个本地实现,但为每一个命令层次结构使用抽象数据类型有助于类型安全。



在这个模式中,Invoker(调用者)知道传递给它的Command,无需依赖于真实的ConcreteCommand(具体的命令)实现,解决了通过配置进行方法调用相关的问题,如UI控件按钮和菜单等引用一个Command,它们的行为是通过通用的ConcreteCommand实例呈现的。
参与者:
◆Command(命令):在一个方法调用之上定义一个抽象;
◆ConcreteCommand(具体的命令):一个操作的实现;
◆Invoker(调用者):引用Command实例作为它可用的操作。
下面的代码展示了Validator组件作为Command对象实现的示例:

复制代码 代码如下:


/** 
 * The Command abstraction. 
 * In this case the implementation must return a result, 
 * sometimes it only has side effects. 
 */
interface Validator 

    /** 
     * The method could have any parameters. 
     * @param mixed 
     * @return boolean 
     */
    public function isValid($value); 


/** 
 * ConcreteCommand. 
 */
class MoreThanZeroValidator implements Validator 

    public function isValid($value) 
    { 
        return $value > 0; 
    } 


/** 
 * ConcreteCommand. 
 */
class EvenValidator implements Validator 

    public function isValid($value) 
    { 
        return $value % 2 == 0; 
    } 


/** 
 * The Invoker. An implementation could store more than one 
 * Validator if needed. 
 */
class ArrayProcessor 

    protected $_rule; 

    public function __construct (Validator $rule) 
    { 
        $this->_rule = $rule; 
    } 

    public function process(array $numbers) 
    { 
        foreach ($numbers as $n) { 
            if ($this->_rule->IsValid($n)) { 
                echo $n, "\n"; 
            } 
        } 
    } 


// Client code 
$processor = new ArrayProcessor(new EvenValidator()); 
$processor->process(array(1, 20, 18, 5, 0, 31, 42));


使用PHP设计模式中的命令模式的一些注意事项:
◆方法调用中的某些参数可以在构造ConcreteCommand时提供,有效地局部套用(currying)原始函数;
◆一个Command可以被看作是一个非常简单的只有一个方法的策略(Strategy),重点放在对象的操作上;
◆ConcreteCommands也要组织它们需要的每一个资源,以实现它们的目标,主要是行为的Receiver(接受者),它们调用方法执行一个Command;
◆复合模式,装饰模式和其它模式都可以和命令模式组合,获得更多的Command,装饰Command等等。
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

PhpStorm Mac version

PhpStorm Mac version

The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.