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php引用详解,php引用传递使用,php引用方法返回,php引用分析!

php引用(&)详解
2009-05-13 14:30
php的引用(就是在变量或者函数、对象等前面加上&符号)

在PHP 中引用的意思是:不同的名字访问同一个变量内容.
与C语言中的指针是有差别的.C语言中的指针里面存储的是变量的内容在内存中存放的地址

变量的引用

PHP 的引用允许你用两个变量来指向同一个内容
[php]

$a="ABC";
$b =&$a;
echo $a;//这里输出:ABC
echo $b;//这里输出:ABC
$b="EFG";
echo $a;//这里$a的值变为EFG 所以输出EFG
echo $b;//这里输出EFG
?>
[/php]

函数的传址调用
传址调用我就不多说了 下面直接给出代码
[php]
function test(&$a)
{
$a=$a+100;
}
$b=1;
echo $b;//输出1
test($b);?? //这里$b传递给函数的其实是$b的变量内容所处的内存地址,通过在函数里改变$a的值 就可以改变$b的值了
echo "
";
echo $b;//输出101
[/php]
要注意的是,在这里test(1);的话就会出错,原因自己去想

函数的引用返回
先看代码
[php]
function &test()
{
static $b=0;//申明一个静态变量
$b=$b+1;
echo $b;
return $b;
}

$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为1
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为2

$a=&test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为3
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为6
[/php]
下面解释下: 
通过这种方式$a=test();得到的其实不是函数的引用返回,这跟普通的函数调用没有区别 至于原因: 这是PHP的规定
PHP规定通过$a=&test(); 方式得到的才是函数的引用返回
至于什么是引用返回呢(PHP手册上说:引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。) 这句狗屁话 害我半天没看懂

用上面的例子来解释就是
$a=test()方式调用函数,只是将函数的值赋给$a而已, 而$a做任何改变 都不会影响到函数中的$b
而通过$a=&test()方式调用函数呢, 他的作用是 将return $b中的 $b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址 指向了同一个地方
即产生了相当于这样的效果($a=&b;) 所以改变$a的值 也同时改变了$b的值 所以在执行了
$a=&test();
$a=5;
以后,$b的值变为了5

这里是为了让大家理解函数的引用返回才使用静态变量的,其实函数的引用返回多用在对象中

对象的引用
[php]

class a{
var $abc="ABC";
}
$b=new a;
$c=$b;
echo $b->abc;//这里输出ABC
echo $c->abc;//这里输出ABC
$b->abc="DEF";
echo $c->abc;//这里输出DEF
?>
[/php]
以上代码是在PHP5中的运行效果
在PHP5中 对象的复制 是通过引用来实现的。上列中$b=new a; $c=$b; 其实等效于$b=new a; $c=&$b;
PHP5中默认就是通过引用来调用对象, 但有时你可能想建立一个对象的副本,并希望原来的对象的改变不影响到副本 . 为了这样的目的,PHP定义了一个特殊的方法,称为__clone.

引用的作用
如果程序比较大,引用同一个对象的变量比较多,并且希望用完该对象后手工清除它,个人建议用 "&" 方式,然后用$var=null的方式清除. 其它时候还是用php5的默认方式吧. 另外, php5中对于大数组的传递,建议用 "&" 方式, 毕竟节省内存空间使用。


取消引用
当你 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。例如:

$a = 1;
$b =& $a;
unset ($a);
?>?

不会 unset $b,只是 $a。


global 引用
当用 global $var 声明一个变量时实际上建立了一个到全局变量的引用。也就是说和这样做是相同的:

$var =& $GLOBALS["var"];
?>?

这意味着,例如,unset $var 不会 unset 全局变量。

$this
在一个对象的方法中,$this 永远是调用它的对象的引用。


//下面再来个小插曲
php中对于地址的指向(类似指针)功能不是由用户自己来实现的,是由Zend核心实现的,php中引用采用的是“写时拷贝”的原理,就是除非发生写操作,指向同一个地址的变量或者对象是不会被拷贝的。

通俗的讲
1:如果有下面的代码
[php]
$a="ABC";
$b=$a;
[/php]
其实此时 $a与$b都是指向同一内存地址 而并不是$a与$b占用不同的内存

2:如果在上面的代码基础上再加上如下代码
[php]
$a="EFG";
[/php]
由于$a与$b所指向的内存的数据要重新写一次了,此时Zend核心会自动判断 自动为$b生产一个$a的数据拷贝,重新申请一块内存进行存储

总之我可以这样理解,当想通过函数利用这个变量来达到其他用途的时候,可以采用按值传递,其结果是这个传递的变量前后不会发生变化,当想通过某个函数来重新修改或处理这个变量的时候,就采用按引用传递,这样运算以后,其变变量也自动改变。概括:处理这个变量时,按引用传递,利用这个变量达到其他目的时,按值传递

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