PHP开发中安全防范知识
PHP代码安全和XSS,SQL注入等对于各类网站的安全非常中用,尤其是UGC(User Generated Content)网站,论坛和电子商务网站,常常是XSS和SQL注入的重灾区。这里简单介绍一些基本编程要点, 相对系统安全来说,php安全防范更多要求编程人员对用户输入的各种参数能更细心.
php编译过程中的安全
建议安装Suhosin补丁,必装安全补丁
php.ini安全设置
register_global = off
magic_quotes_gpc = off
display_error = off
log_error = on
# allow_url_fopen = off
expose_php = off
open_basedir =
safe_mode = on
disable_function = exec,system,passthru,shell_exec,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,proc_close,proc_open,dl,popen,show_source,get_cfg_var
safe_mode_include_dir =
DB SQL预处理
mysql_real_escape_string (很多PHPer仍在依靠addslashes防止SQL注入,但是这种方式对中文编码仍然是有问题的。addslashes的问题在于黑客可以用 0xbf27来代替单引号,GBK编码中0xbf27不是一个合法字符,因此addslashes只是将0xbf5c27,成为一个有效的多字节字符,其 中的0xbf5c仍会被看作是单引号,具体见这篇文章)。用mysql_real_escape_string函数也需要指定正确的字符集,否则依然可能 有问题。
prepare + execute(PDO)
ZendFramework可以用DB类的quote或者quoteInto, 这两个方法是根据各种数据库实施不用方法的,不会像mysql_real_escape_string只能用于mysql
用户输入的处理
无需保留HTML标签的可以用以下方法
strip_tags, 删除string中所有html标签
htmlspecialchars,只对””,”;”,”’”字符进行转义
htmlentities,对所有html进行转义
必须保留HTML标签情况下可以考虑以下工具:
HTML Purifier: HTML Purifier is a standards-compliant HTML filter library written in PHP.
PHP HTML Sanitizer: Remove unsafe tags and attributes from HTML code
htmLawed: PHP code to purify & filter HTML
上传文件
用is_uploaded_file和move_uploaded_file函数,使用HTTP_POST_FILES[]数组。并通过去掉上传目录的PHP解释功能来防止用户上传php脚本。
ZF框架下可以考虑使用File_upload模块
Session,Cookie和Form的安全处理
不要依赖Cookie进行核心验证,重要信息需要加密, Form Post之前对传输数据进行哈希, 例如你发出去的form元素如下:
POST回来之后对参数进行验证
$str = "";
foreach($_POST['H'] as $key=>$value) {
$str .= $key.$value;
}
if($_POST['hash'] != md5($str.$secret)) {
echo "Hidden form data modified"; exit;
}
PHP安全检测工具(XSS和SQL Insertion)
Wapiti - Web application security auditor(Wapiti - 小巧的站点漏洞检测工具) (SQL injection/XSS攻击检查工具)
安裝/使用方法:
apt-get install libtidy-0.99-0 python-ctypes python-utidylib
python wapiti.py http://Your Website URL/ -m GET_XSS
Pixy: XSS and SQLI Scanner for PHP( Pixy - PHP 源码缺陷分析工具)
安裝: apt-get install default-jdk

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.


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