第一章 3/3节 PHP的语法与数据类型
1. 语句分两种:结构定义语句和功能执行语句。
1)结构定义语句,(大括弧)。语句后面一定不要加分号:
if()
{
}
while()
{
}
for(;;)
{
}
?>
2)功能执行语句,一定要加上分号:
$a = 1.0;
$b = 1.0;
echo “aaaaaa”;
?>
3) 特殊情况下,离?>标记最近的分号可以不加分号:
echo “aaaaaaa”;
echo “bbbbbbbb”
?>
2. 注释与作用:
1)单行注释
// echo “aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa”;
2)多行注释
/*
echo “bbbbbbbbbbbb”;
*/
3) 文本注释
/**
*/
4) 注释的作用:
a. 写过的程序不用急着删除,先注释掉
b. 调试程序
c. 写帮助文档
3. 变量、常量
php是弱类型语言(相对于java,c++而言),理由如下:
$a=100;
$a=true;
echo $a;
结果是true
1)变量以$符号开头
变量是区分大小写的,其他不区分,如$a=100; $A=200;是两个变量
2)命名规则
不要是数字开头、空格、小数点、系统关键字,如下为错误的表达形式:
$name.age、$var、$4、$.12、 $a b
3)弱类型命名标准,可以赋值任意类型,变量有8种原始类型
$a=后面可以赋任意类型
四种标量类型:
——布尔型
——整型
——浮点型
——字符串
两种复合类型
——数组 $a=array(1,3,4);
——对象 class P{var $name;} $a=new P();
两种特殊类型
——资源 $a=fopen(“test.txt”, “w”); var_dump($a);结果为resource
——null
获取类型函数:
echo getType($a);
var_dump($a);// 可以看到类型与数据
4)常量,前面没有$符。
a. 只适合四种标量数据(boolean、integer、float、string)
b. 值只能在声明时赋值,并不能在运行时改变。
define(“NAME”, “testName”);
echo NAME;
5)变量与常量区别:
a. $符,常量没有,变量有。
b. 常量通过define函数定义,不能通过赋值语句赋值。
c. 常量不用遵循变量范围的规则,可以在任意地方定义和访问。
d. 常量一旦定义,不能重新定义或取消。
e. 常量值只能是标量
6). 检查常量是否存在,用echo defined(“NAME”);输出是1表示常量NAME存在。
if(defined(“NAME”))
{
}else{
}
检查变量是否存在,isset($a);
7)PHP中常见常量
echo __FILE__;// 物理路径
echo __LINE__;// 行号
echo _PHP_VERSION;// 版本号
echo PHP_OS;// 操作系统

PHP remains important in modern web development, especially in content management and e-commerce platforms. 1) PHP has a rich ecosystem and strong framework support, such as Laravel and Symfony. 2) Performance optimization can be achieved through OPcache and Nginx. 3) PHP8.0 introduces JIT compiler to improve performance. 4) Cloud-native applications are deployed through Docker and Kubernetes to improve flexibility and scalability.

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages and are suitable for different scenarios. 1.PHP is suitable for web development and provides built-in web servers and rich function libraries. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and a powerful standard library. When choosing, it should be decided based on project requirements.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

The reasons why PHP is the preferred technology stack for many websites include its ease of use, strong community support, and widespread use. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners. 2) Have a huge developer community and rich resources. 3) Widely used in WordPress, Drupal and other platforms. 4) Integrate tightly with web servers to simplify development deployment.

PHP remains a powerful and widely used tool in modern programming, especially in the field of web development. 1) PHP is easy to use and seamlessly integrated with databases, and is the first choice for many developers. 2) It supports dynamic content generation and object-oriented programming, suitable for quickly creating and maintaining websites. 3) PHP's performance can be improved by caching and optimizing database queries, and its extensive community and rich ecosystem make it still important in today's technology stack.

In PHP, weak references are implemented through the WeakReference class and will not prevent the garbage collector from reclaiming objects. Weak references are suitable for scenarios such as caching systems and event listeners. It should be noted that it cannot guarantee the survival of objects and that garbage collection may be delayed.

The \_\_invoke method allows objects to be called like functions. 1. Define the \_\_invoke method so that the object can be called. 2. When using the $obj(...) syntax, PHP will execute the \_\_invoke method. 3. Suitable for scenarios such as logging and calculator, improving code flexibility and readability.


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