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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialjQuery study notes Get jQuery object_jquery

使用jQuery选择器选择页面元素,目的是为了生成jQuery对象,语法相当简单:$(selector)。但值得注意的是,这是生成jQuery对象,不是DOM对象,因此$(selector).innerHTML以获取元素内部HTML代码是错误的,正确写法是$(selector).html()。同样的,判断一个DOM对象是否存在,不能够写成if($(selector)),而是if($(selector).length>0)。

  当然jQuery对象和DOM对象可以互转换。从上面的例子也可以看出,jQuery对象可以视为是一个DOM对象数组,因此转换成DOM对象可使用get(index)方法或者[index]取下标;相反,DOM对象转换为jQuery对象只需直接用$(document.getElementById(“id”))包装一下就行了。

  虽然取对象的方法很简单$(selector),但是这个参数selector却是种类繁多。这里扼要说明一下:

  过滤选择器:附在所有选择器的后面,通过特定的过滤规则来筛选出一部分元素,如$(selector:first)。若单独使用,$(:first)则等价于$(*:first);

  层次选择器:通过DOM元素间层次关系来获取特定元素,由两个选择器组合而成。选择过程为先按照第一个选择器选择元素,然后根据符号确定后代元素或子元素或兄弟元素,最后在这些元素范围内按照第二个选择器选取最后想要的元素;

  下面就是各种选择器的表格说明- -这就打了我一上午,真蛋疼!

 

基本选择器

选择器

描述

返回

*

选取所有元素

集合元素

element

根据标签名选取元素

集合元素

#id

根据id属性值选取元素

单个元素

.class

根据class属性值选取元素

集合元素

selector1,selector2,…,selectorN

将每个选择器选取的元素合并在一个结果,主要用于选取不同元素

集合元素

 

基本过滤选择器

选择器

描述

返回

:first

选取第一个元素

单个元素

:last

选取最后一个元素

单个元素

:even

选取索引值是偶数的所有元素,索引从0开始

集合元素

:odd

选取索引值是奇数的所有元素,索引从0开始

集合元素

:eq(index)

选取索引值等于index的元素,index从0开始

单个元素

:gt(index)

选取索引值大于index的元素,index从0开始

集合元素

:lt(index)

选取索引值小于index的元素,index从0开始

集合元素

:not(selector)

选取匹配selector以外的元素

集合元素

:header

选取所有的标题元素

集合元素

:animated

选取当前正在执行动画的所有元素

集合元素

 

子元素过滤选择器

选择器

描述

返回

:first-child

选取每个父元素的第一个子元素

集合元素

:last-child

选取每个父元素的最后一个子元素

集合元素

:only-child

如果某元素是父元素唯一的子元素,则将被选取

集合元素

:nth-child(odd)

选取每个父元素下索引值是奇数的子元素

集合元素

:nth-child(even)

选取每个父元素下索引值是偶数的子元素

集合元素

:nth-child(index)

选取每个父元素下索引值等于index的子元素

集合元素

:nth-child(equation)

选取每个父元素下索引值匹配equation的子元素

集合元素

 

内容过滤选择器

选择器

描述

返回

:contains(text)

选取文本内容为text的元素

集合元素

:has(selector)

选取含有后代元素为selector的元素

集合元素

:parent

选取含有后代元素或文本的元素

集合元素

:empty

选取不包含后代元素或文本的空元素

集合元素

 

可见性过滤选择器

选择器

描述

返回

:hidden

选取所有不可见的元素

集合元素

:visible

选取所有可见的元素

集合元素

 

属性过滤选择器

选择器

描述

返回

[attr]

选取拥有attr属性的元素

集合元素

[attr=value]

选取attr属性值为value的元素

集合元素

[attr!=value]

选取attr属性值不为value的元素

集合元素

[attr^=value]

选取attr属性值以value开始的元素

集合元素

[attr$=value]

选取attr属性值以value结束的元素

集合元素

[attr*=value]

选取attr属性值含有value的元素

集合元素

[attr~=value]

选取attr属性值用空格分隔的值中有一个为value的元素

集合元素

[selector1][selector2]…[selectorN]

选取满足所有属性过滤选择器的元素

集合元素

 

层次选择器

选择器

描述

返回

selector1 selector2

从selector1的后代元素里选取selector2

集合元素

selector1>selector2

从selector1的子元素里选取selector2

集合元素

Selector1+selector2

从selector1后面的第一个兄弟元素里选取selector2

集合元素

selector1~selector2

从selector1后面的所有兄弟元素里选取selector2

集合元素

 

表单选择器

选择器

描述

返回

:input

选取

集合元素

:text

选取符合[type=text]的元素

集合元素

:password

选取符合[type=password]的元素

集合元素

:radio

选取符合[type=radio]的元素

集合元素

:checkbox

选取符合[type=checkbox]的元素

集合元素

:image

选取符合[type=image]的元素

集合元素

:file

选取符合[type=file]的元素

集合元素

:button

选取符合[type=button]的

集合元素

:submit

选取符合[type=submit]的

集合元素

:reset

选取符合[type=reset]的

集合元素

:hidden

选取所有不可见的元素

集合元素

Form filter selector

选择器

描述

返回

:enable

选取所有可用表单元素

集合元素

:disable

选取所有不可用表单元素

集合元素

:checked

选取被选中的元素(单选框、复选框)

集合元素

:selected

选取被选中的

集合元素

Selector

Description

Return

:enable Select all available form elements

Collection elements

:disable Select all unavailable form elements

Collection elements

:checked Select the selected element (radio button, check box)

Collection elements

:selected Select the selected

Collection elements

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