How to partition and manage disks in CentOS

Detailed explanation of disk partitioning and management of CentOS system: The use of fdisk and parted command line tools

This article will introduce in detail how to use the command line tools fdisk and parted for disk partitioning and management in CentOS system. Be sure to back up all important data before operation to avoid data loss.

1. Preparation

1. Data Backup : This is a crucial step, make sure that all important data is backed up to a secure location.
2. Identify available disks : Use the lsblk or fdisk -l command to view the available disk devices in the system and confirm the name of the disk device you want to operate (for example /dev/sda ).

2. Use fdisk for partitioning (suitable for MBR partition table)

fdisk is a commonly used disk partitioning tool, suitable for MBR partition tables.

1. Start fdisk : Enter sudo fdisk /dev/sdX to start fdisk tool, where /dev/sdX is replaced by the name of the disk device you want to partition.
2. View partition table : Enter p to view the partition table information of the current disk.
3. Create a new partition : Enter n to create a new partition, and then follow the prompts to select:
   • Partition type (main partition p or extended partition e )
   • Partition number
   • Partition start sector (usually press Enter to use the default value)
   • Partition end sector (specify the partition size, for example, 20G means creating a 20GB size partition)
4. Set partition type : After creating a partition, you can use the t command to modify the partition type (for example, set the partition type to Linux ext4 file system).
5. Write to the partition table : Enter w to save changes and exit fdisk.

3. Use parted for partitioning (suitable for GPT partition table)

The parted tool supports GPT partition tables and is more suitable for larger disks or scenarios where more partitions are needed.

1. View partition layout : Use sudo parted /dev/sdX print to view the partition layout of the current disk.
2. Create a partition : Use mkpart command to create a partition, for example:
   • Create the primary partition: sudo parted /dev/sdX mkpart primary ext4 0 200G (Create the primary partition with a size of 200GB starting from sector 0 and set its type to ext4)
   • Create an extended partition: sudo parted /dev/sdX mkpart extended 200G 100% (create an extended partition starting from 200GB to end of disk)
3. Save partition table : Use sudo parted /dev/sdX save to save partition table changes.

4. Format partition

Use the mkfs command to format the newly created partition. For example, format the /dev/sdX1 partition to an ext4 file system:

 sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1

5. Create a mount point

Use the mkdir command to create a mount point directory, for example:

 sudo mkdir /mnt/data

6. Mount the partition

Use mount command to mount the partition to the mount point:

 sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/data

7. Permanently mount the partition (edit /etc/fstab )

In order for the partition to be automatically mounted when the system starts, the /etc/fstab file needs to be edited. Please operate this step with caution, as incorrect configuration may cause the system to fail to start. It is recommended to back up the /etc/fstab file first. Add a line like the following:

 <code>/dev/sdX1 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0</code>

8. Verify the mount

Use mount command to verify that the partition is mounted correctly:

 mount | grep data

Note: The above /dev/sdX and /dev/sdX1 need to be replaced with your actual disk device and partition name. Please check carefully to avoid data loss due to incorrect operations. Before performing any partitioning operations, it is strongly recommended that you re-confirm that all important data has been backed up.

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