File Upload With Multer in Node.js and Express

This tutorial guides you through building a file upload system using Node.js, Express, and Multer. We'll cover single and multiple file uploads, and even demonstrate storing images in a MongoDB database for later retrieval.

First, set up your project:

mkdir upload-express
cd upload-express
npm init -y
npm install express multer mongodb file-system --save
touch server.js
mkdir uploads

Next, create your server.js file. This will handle the file uploads and server logic. Initially, we'll set up a basic Express app:

const express = require('express');
const multer = require('multer');
const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ message: 'WELCOME' });
});

app.listen(3000, () => console.log('Server started on port 3000'));

Now, let's configure Multer to handle file uploads to disk:

//server.js (add this to your existing server.js)

var storage = multer.diskStorage({
  destination: function (req, file, cb) {
    cb(null, 'uploads')
  },
  filename: function (req, file, cb) {
    cb(null, file.fieldname + '-' + Date.now())
  }
});

var upload = multer({ storage: storage });

Handling File Uploads

Single File Upload

Create an endpoint to handle single file uploads. Remember to create a corresponding <form></form> with a file input in your index.html (not shown here, but should use a POST request to /uploadfile).

//server.js (add this to your existing server.js)

app.post('/uploadfile', upload.single('myFile'), (req, res, next) => {
  const file = req.file;
  if (!file) {
    const error = new Error('Please upload a file');
    error.httpStatusCode = 400;
    return next(error);
  }
  res.send(file);
});

Multiple File Uploads

This endpoint handles uploading multiple files (up to 12 in this example):

//server.js (add this to your existing server.js)

app.post('/uploadmultiple', upload.array('myFiles', 12), (req, res, next) => {
  const files = req.files;
  if (!files) {
    const error = new Error('Please choose files');
    error.httpStatusCode = 400;
    return next(error);
  }
  res.send(files);
});

Image Upload to MongoDB

To store images in MongoDB, we'll need to install the mongodb package:

npm install mongodb --save

Then, add the MongoDB connection and image handling logic to server.js. (Note: Error handling and connection details are omitted for brevity. Replace placeholders like <your_mongodb_connection_string></your_mongodb_connection_string> with your actual connection string).

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
const fs = require('file-system'); // For file system operations

// ... (previous code) ...

const client = new MongoClient("<your_mongodb_connection_string>");

// ... (rest of your code) ...

app.post('/uploadImage', upload.single('myImage'), async (req, res) => {
    try {
        await client.connect();
        const db = client.db('your_database_name');
        const imageBuffer = fs.readFileSync(req.file.path);
        const result = await db.collection('images').insertOne({ image: { filename: req.file.filename, buffer: imageBuffer } });
        res.send(result);
    } catch (error) {
        console.error(error);
        res.status(500).send("Error uploading image");
    } finally {
        await client.close();
    }
});

app.get('/photos', async (req, res) => {
    try {
        await client.connect();
        const db = client.db('your_database_name');
        const result = await db.collection('images').find().toArray();
        const imgArray = result.map(element => element._id);
        res.send(imgArray);
    } catch (error) {
        console.error(error);
        res.status(500).send("Error retrieving images");
    } finally {
        await client.close();
    }
});

app.get('/photo/:id', async (req, res) => {
    try {
        await client.connect();
        const db = client.db('your_database_name');
        const result = await db.collection('images').findOne({ _id: new ObjectId(req.params.id) });
        res.contentType('image/jpeg'); // Adjust content type as needed
        res.send(result.image.buffer);
    } catch (error) {
        console.error(error);
        res.status(500).send("Error retrieving image");
    } finally {
        await client.close();
    }
});

// ... (rest of your code) ...</your_mongodb_connection_string>

Remember to install the mongodb and file-system packages. Also replace placeholders with your database name and connection string. This improved example includes error handling and asynchronous operations for better robustness.

This enhanced tutorial provides a more complete and robust solution for handling file uploads in a Node.js application. Remember to adapt the code to your specific needs and environment. Always prioritize security best practices when handling file uploads in production.

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