The Merge: Technical Details Behind the Ethereum Merger

The Merge is a complex technological upgrade that transforms Ethereum's consensus mechanism from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS). This involves multiple key aspects: first, the consensus layer is transformed into a PoS system managed by beacon chain, and the verifier needs to pledge Ether to participate in the consensus; second, the execution layer has been upgraded to be compatible with the PoS consensus layer to ensure transaction execution efficiency and accuracy; again, the new data processing and synchronization mechanism ensures the consistency of network nodes for the blockchain state; in addition, the difficulty bomb mechanism promotes the end of PoW mining; finally, smart contracts and decentralized applications have also undergone compatibility adjustments to ensure a smooth transition.

The Merge (Ethereum Merger) involves many technical details, mainly including the following points:

Consensus layer transformation

• Change Ethereum's consensus mechanism from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS), and manages the PoS system through beacon chains. Verifiers need to pledge a certain amount of Ether to participate in the consensus process, and select block makers based on pledge equity and other factors.

Execution layer adjustment

• Ethereum execution layer has been upgraded and optimized to make it compatible with the PoS consensus layer of the beacon chain, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of transaction execution and state transitions.

Data processing and synchronization

• A new data processing and synchronization mechanism has been introduced. After the merger, data interaction and synchronization are required between the beacon chain and the execution layer to ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the blockchain state.

Difficult Bomb and Termination PoW

Ethereum has previously set up a difficulty bomb. Over time, the difficulty of PoW mining has increased exponentially. When merged, the difficulty bomb prompted the end of PoW mining and successfully switched to PoS.

Smart contracts and application compatibility

Compatibility adjustments have been made to ensure that after the merger, existing smart contracts and applications can continue to operate normally on the new Ethereum network.

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