Make sure no one is spying on your computer

This updated article (originally published November 1, 2019) explores the dangers of spyware and how to protect your computer. Unlike ransomware, spyware silently monitors and records your computer activity, potentially stealing your identity or compromising your accounts. This guide provides steps to minimize your risk.

Strengthening Your System's Defenses

Robust computer protection is paramount. Most antivirus software for Windows and macOS offers protection against keyloggers, webcam hijacking, and other spyware, particularly when kept updated. While free antivirus programs often suffice for home users, paid versions provide enhanced security.

We recommend four effective and user-friendly free antivirus options, all highly rated by AV-Comparatives: Windows Defender (built into Windows), AVG Free (available for Windows and macOS, with a paid "ultimate" version), Bitdefender (free for Windows, with a paid version including macOS support), and Avast (free for Windows and macOS, with a paid version). Paid versions typically include features like advanced web link scanning and proactive attack prevention.

Beyond primary antivirus, consider supplementary protection. For Windows, Spybot (free) provides deep scans, while Norton Power Eraser offers a more thorough system check if spyware is suspected. Trend Micro's HouseCall, a browser-based scanner, works across operating systems.

Preventing Spyware Infection

Even with strong antivirus, vigilance is crucial. Spyware can infiltrate through various means. Shared computers should utilize separate user accounts with strong passwords (Windows: Settings > Accounts; macOS: System Preferences > Users & Groups).

Be cautious of suspicious links in emails or social media, even from trusted sources, as accounts may be compromised. Only download software from official websites or reputable app stores (Mac App Store, Microsoft Store). Thoroughly review browser extensions before installation, checking user reviews and professional tech site endorsements.

Recognizing Spyware Warning Signs

Maintain awareness, even with robust security. Sudden performance drops, excessive hard drive activity, unexplained application launches (especially fleeting windows), unusual mouse movements or text input, OS setting changes, and unfamiliar shortcuts are all potential red flags.

Spyware consumes system resources. Use Task Manager (Windows) or Activity Monitor (macOS) to identify unfamiliar processes. Perform web searches on unknown applications to determine their legitimacy. Regularly update your operating system, software, and security tools. While spyware is constantly evolving, so are security measures; staying updated is key to minimizing risk.

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