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Dungeons & Dragons: A Deep Dive into Spell Preparation in 5e

Magic and spellcasters are quintessential to Dungeons & Dragons. Nine of the thirteen playable classes inherently cast spells, while the remaining four can access spellcasting through subclasses. However, spellcasting isn't uniform; some learn spells gradually, others prepare a daily selection. This guide clarifies spell preparation in D&D 5e, updated with the 2024 Player's Handbook.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Understanding Spell Preparation

Spell preparation involves selecting spells from your class's spell list for daily use. This grants access to any spell on your list, unlike classes limited to a fixed number of learned spells. While you can cast any prepared spell, you still need available spell slots. This daily selection allows adaptation to various scenarios.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Classes That Prepare Spells Daily

Not all spellcasting classes prepare spells daily. The following table details those that do, and their preparation limits:

Class Preparation Time Number of Spells
Cleric After a long rest Any
Druid After a long rest Any
Paladin After a long rest One
Ranger After a long rest One
Wizard After a long rest Any (from spellbook)

Wizards differ; they prepare spells from their spellbooks, not their class list.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Bards, Sorcerers, and Warlocks: A Different Approach

Bards, sorcerers, and warlocks don't prepare spells daily. Their spell selection changes upon leveling up.

Class Preparation Time Number of Spells
Bard Upon leveling up One
Sorcerer Upon leveling up One
Warlock Upon leveling up One

This offers less daily flexibility, but allows for spell swaps with each level gain.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Number of Spells Preparable (2024 PHB)

The number of spells preparable depends on your character's level (as detailed in the 2024 Player's Handbook). The example below shows a druid's preparation capacity:

Level Cantrips Prepared Spells Spell Slots
1 2 4 One First Level
2 2 5 Three First Level
3 2 6 Four First Level, Two Second Level
4 3 7 Four First Level, Three Second Level
5 3 9 Four First Level, Three Second Level, Two Third Level

Consult the 2024 Player's Handbook for class-specific details.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Number of Spells Preparable (2014 PHB)

The 2014 Player's Handbook uses a different calculation: spellcasting ability modifier character level (sometimes rounded down). One minute of meditation per spell level is required for each new spell prepared.

Class Number of Spells Prepared
Cleric Wisdom modifier cleric level
Druid Wisdom modifier druid level
Paladin Charisma modifier half paladin level (rounded down)
Wizard Intelligence modifier wizard level

Rangers in the 2014 PHB have a fixed list of known spells, not prepared spells. Other spellcasting classes (including subclasses) have a set number of known spells, which change with level. Refer to each class description for specifics.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Spell Slots and Prepared Spells

You're not restricted to preparing a specific number of spells at each level. A level 5 druid, for example, could prepare all first-level spells, or any combination of first, second, and third-level spells. However, be mindful of your available spell slots.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Casting Unprepared Spells: Exceptions

While spell preparation is standard, exceptions exist:

Exception Details
Always-Prepared Spells Certain class features make some spells always prepared.
Cantrips Always prepared, don't require slots or preparation.
Special Abilities Some abilities allow at-will spellcasting.
Magic Items Magic items can cast spells without preparation or slots.

Consult your DM or the item/ability description for clarification.

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

Dungeons & Dragons: Preparing Spells, Explained

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