Localizing Dates, Currency, and Numbers with Php-Intl

This tutorial builds upon the previous introduction to the PHP Intl extension, focusing on localizing complex data like numbers, dates, and currencies. Let's dive in!

Key Concepts:

• The PHP Intl extension leverages the ICU library for robust locale-aware data handling, essential for multilingual applications.
• NumberFormatter handles number localization, addressing variations in decimal separators and formatting styles across different locales.
• Currency formatting is easily achieved with NumberFormatter, specifying the currency code and using the formatCurrency method.
• The extension provides a comprehensive calendar API (IntlCalendar) for date manipulation and comparison, offering functionalities similar to popular date/time libraries.

Decimal Localization:

Inconsistencies in decimal separators across regions are a common challenge. The NumberFormatter class elegantly solves this:

<code class="language-php">$numberFormatter = new NumberFormatter( 'de_DE', NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
var_dump( $numberFormatter->format(123456789) ); // Output: string(11) "123.456.789"

$numberFormatter = new NumberFormatter( 'en_US', NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
var_dump( $numberFormatter->format(123456789) ); // Output: string(11) "123,456,789"

$numberFormatter = new NumberFormatter( 'ar', NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
var_dump( $numberFormatter->format(123456789) ); // Output: string(22) "١٢٣٬٤٥٦٬٧٨٩"

$numberFormatter = new NumberFormatter( 'bn', NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
var_dump( $numberFormatter->format(123456789) ); // Output: string(30) "১২,৩৪,৫৬,৭৮৯"</code>

The locale code (e.g., 'de_DE', 'en_US') dictates the formatting style. Various formatting styles (decimal, currency, duration, etc.) are available.

Formatting Styles and Attributes:

We can customize number formatting using attributes:

<code class="language-php">$nf = new NumberFormatter( 'en_US', NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
$nf->setAttribute(NumberFormatter::FRACTION_DIGITS, 2);
var_dump( $nf->format(1234.56789) ); // Output: string(8) "1,234.57"
var_dump( $nf->format(1234) );       // Output: string(8) "1,234.00"</code>

Rounding behavior can be controlled:

<code class="language-php">$nf = new NumberFormatter( 'en_US', NumberFormatter::DECIMAL );
$nf->setAttribute(NumberFormatter::MAX_FRACTION_DIGITS, 2);
$nf->setAttribute(NumberFormatter::ROUNDING_MODE, NumberFormatter::ROUND_CEILING);
var_dump($nf->format(1234.5678) ); // Output: string(8) "1,234.57"

$nf->setAttribute(NumberFormatter::ROUNDING_MODE, NumberFormatter::ROUND_DOWN);
var_dump($nf->format(1234.5678) ); // Output: string(8) "1,234.56"</code>

SPELLOUT and DURATION styles, introduced previously, also apply here. Parsing formatted strings back into numbers is supported via the parse method.

Currency Localization:

Formatting numbers as currencies is straightforward:

<code class="language-php">$nf = new NumberFormatter( 'en_US', NumberFormatter::CURRENCY );
var_dump( $nf->formatCurrency(1234.56789, "USD" ) ); // Output: string(9) ",234.57"</code>

The getSymbol method simplifies currency symbol retrieval:

<code class="language-php">$nf = new NumberFormatter( 'en_US', NumberFormatter::CURRENCY );
var_dump( $nf->formatCurrency(1234.56789, $nf->getSymbol(NumberFormatter::INTL_CURRENCY_SYMBOL)) ); // Output: string(9) ",234.57"

$nf = new NumberFormatter( 'fr_FR', NumberFormatter::CURRENCY );
var_dump( $nf->formatCurrency(1234.56789, $nf->getSymbol(NumberFormatter::INTL_CURRENCY_SYMBOL)) ); // Output: string(14) "1 234,57 €"</code>

Time Zones and Calendars:

IntlTimeZone manages time zones, mirroring functionalities of DateTimeZone. IntlCalendar provides a rich API for calendar operations:

<code class="language-php">$calendar = IntlCalendar::createInstance();
var_dump($calendar->getTimeZone()->getId()); // Output:  Time zone ID (e.g., "UTC")

$calendar = IntlCalendar::fromDateTime(new DateTime()); // Create from DateTime object

// Comparisons
$calendar1 = IntlCalendar::fromDateTime( DateTime::createFromFormat('j-M-Y', '11-Apr-2016') );
$calendar2 = IntlCalendar::createInstance();
$diff = $calendar1->fieldDifference($calendar2->getTime(), IntlCalendar::FIELD_MILLISECOND);
// ... (comparison and date navigation examples as before)</code>

Date navigation is intuitive:

<code class="language-php">$calendar = IntlCalendar::createInstance();
$calendar->add(IntlCalendar::FIELD_MONTH, 1); // Add a month
$calendar->add(IntlCalendar::FIELD_DAY_OF_WEEK, 1); // Add a day of the week
// ...</code>

Conclusion:

The PHP Intl extension, powered by ICU, offers a powerful and comprehensive solution for internationalizing your PHP applications. This two-part series has covered message localization and now complex data localization. Future articles will explore additional functionalities within the Intl extension.

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