How Can I Reliably Manage and Iterate Through Multiple Browser Windows and Tabs Using Selenium's WindowHandles?

Selenium's WindowHandles for Reliable Multi-Window/Tab Management

Efficiently managing multiple browser windows and tabs is vital for robust web application testing. Selenium's WindowHandles provides this control, but its inherent unpredictability in iteration order (GUID-based storage) presents challenges.

A common problem is the inconsistent order when looping through WindowHandles. This makes targeting specific tabs or windows difficult.

The solution involves combining WebDriverWait with real-time handle collection upon new window/tab creation. This ensures an updated WindowHandles list, enabling reliable iteration and switching.

Here's a Java example showcasing this technique:

<code class="language-java">WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
String firstTab = driver.getWindowHandle();
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open('http://facebook.com/');");
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(2));
Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();
Iterator<String> iterator = handles.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    String currentTab = iterator.next();
    if (!firstTab.equalsIgnoreCase(currentTab)) {
        driver.switchTo().window(currentTab);
        System.out.println("Now working on Facebook");
    }
}</code>

This code:

• Stores the initial Google tab's handle in firstTab.
• Uses WebDriverWait to ensure two windows are open before proceeding.
• Collects and iterates through the WindowHandles set.
• Switches to the Facebook tab and prints a confirmation message.

This approach is adaptable to other languages like Python. This method guarantees consistent and reliable management of browser windows and tabs within your Selenium tests.

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