telegram webhook

Say goodbye to polling mode and embrace efficient Telegram Webhook! Unlike the polling method that continuously requests updates from the Telegram server, Webhook allows Telegram to push updates directly to your server, thereby reducing server resource consumption and significantly improving efficiency. In a previous article, I explained how to use Node.js to build a Telegram robot and use the polling method to obtain updates. While this approach works, if you're looking for scalability, even if you're not currently experiencing rate limits, switching to webhooks will ensure your bot runs more efficiently and can easily handle increasing traffic, reducing the load on your servers.

Key considerations for Telegram Webhook

When using webhooks, be sure to pay attention to the following points:

Allowed ports

Telegram only supports four webhook ports. While the reason for this restriction is currently unclear, it may change in the future. Currently supported ports are:

• 443 (HTTPS is recommended)
• 80
• 88
• 8443

Proper operation of the webhook requires one of these ports to be available and accessible. If you do not specify a port explicitly, the webhook will default to port 8443.

Server Limitations

Since only four ports are allowed, the number of applications using webhooks cannot exceed four on the same server.

Prerequisites

Before you start setting up, please make sure you have the following:

• Node.js installed: If it is not already installed, download and install Node.js from nodejs.org.
• Telegram Account: You need a Telegram account to get the bot token and interact with your bot.
• Ngrok for HTTPS URLs: Telegram requires webhooks to use HTTPS endpoints. Use Ngrok to expose your local server to the internet.

The complete code can be found on Github.

Telegram Webhook settings (Node.js example)

<code class="language-javascript">// 导入Telegram Bot API
const TelegramBot = require('node-telegram-bot-api');

// 使用您的机器人令牌替换
const token = 'your telegram token'; // 请查看我的文章，了解如何在Telegram上从@BotFather获取机器人令牌

const WEB_HOOK_URL = 'https://localhost:3000/telegram-bot-webhook'; 
// 注意：它在localhost上无法工作，因此请使用ngrok之类的隧道服务。

// 创建使用Webhook的机器人
const bot = new TelegramBot(token, {
  webHook: {
    port: 88, // Telegram Webhook允许的端口：443、80、88、8443
  },
});

// 初始化Webhook
const initWebHook = async () => {
  const webhookInfo = await bot.getWebHookInfo();
  if (webhookInfo.url !== WEB_HOOK_URL) {
    await bot.setWebHook(WEB_HOOK_URL, {
      max_connections: 100,
    });
  }
};
initWebHook();

// 监听任何消息
bot.on('message', (msg) => {
  const chatId = msg.chat.id;

  // 简单命令处理
  if (msg.text.toLowerCase() === '/start') {
    bot.sendMessage(chatId, '欢迎！今天我能如何帮助您？', {
      reply_markup: {
        keyboard: [['/start', '/help']],
      },
    });
  } else if (msg.text.toLowerCase() === 'hello') {
    bot.sendMessage(chatId, `你好，${msg.from.first_name}!`);
  } else {
    bot.sendMessage(chatId, "我不确定如何回应。");
  }
});

// 导出机器人模块
module.exports = bot;
</code>

Telegram Webhook routing

<code class="language-javascript">const express = require("express");
const app = express();
const bot = require("./bot");

// 解析POST请求的JSON主体
app.use(express.json());

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.send("Hello World");
});

app.post("/telegram-bot-webhook", (req, res) => {
  bot.processUpdate(req.body);
  res.sendStatus(200);
});

app.listen(process.env.PORT || 3000, () => {
  console.log("服务器正在3000端口运行");
});</code>

Summary

Switching to webhooks can eliminate Telegram rate limiting issues and make your bot more efficient. Just make sure you configure your server correctly, use allowed ports, and secure your connection using HTTPS.

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