How Can I Mock Out and Ref Parameters with Moq?

Handling Out/Ref parameters in Moq

Moq is a popular unit testing framework that provides powerful simulation capabilities. However, there are still some questions about its support for assigning out/ref parameters. This article explores the feasibility of this feature and provides solutions where applicable.

'Out' parameter

Moq allows out parameters to be assigned values ​​through simple techniques. An example is as follows:

<code>public interface IService
{
    void DoSomething(out string a);
}

[TestMethod]
public void Test_OutParam()
{
    var service = new Mock<iservice>();
    string expectedValue = "value";
    service.Setup(s => s.DoSomething(out expectedValue));

    string actualValue;
    service.Object.DoSomething(out actualValue);
    Assert.AreEqual(expectedValue, actualValue);
}</iservice></code>

In this scenario, Moq captures the value of expectedValue when Setup is called. When the mock method executes, it will return this value.

'Ref' parameter

Unfortunately, Moq does not currently support ref parameters. The solution for the out parameter cannot be directly applied here. However, you can use the Callback method to achieve similar behavior. However, Action does not support ref parameters.

Moq's documentation provides a useful quick start guide with insights into various aspects of the framework: https://www.php.cn/link/a77054e9d6c3fb75907aed15140ca1e6

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