How Can I Fix Missing Characters (Like 'Č' and 'Ć') When Generating PDFs with iTextSharp?

Solution to missing characters (such as Č, Ć) in iTextSharp PDF output

Question:

When generating PDF using iTextSharp, some characters (such as "Č" or "Ć") are missing in the final document. This issue occurs when generating PDF reports using static text paragraphs.

Cause of the problem:

iTextSharp has difficulty rendering special characters that are unique to certain languages, such as "Č" and "Ć".

Solution:

To resolve this issue, consider the following steps:

1. Use special character notation:

Do not include special characters directly in your code, instead use alternative notation. For example, use a hexadecimal character code such as "u010c" to represent "Č". This method can eliminate encoding related issues.

2. Choose the appropriate font:

Verify that the selected font supports the required characters. Some fonts, such as Helvetica, may not contain the required glyphs. Consider using a font like Helvetica, such as Arial.

3. Embed font:

To ensure compatibility across different environments, embed fonts into PDF documents. This way, the document can be viewed correctly even if the original fonts are not available on the recipient's system.

4. Define character encoding:

Specify the encoding used by the font. In this case, code page 1250 is suitable for Central and Eastern European languages.

Example implementation:

Document document = new Document();
PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(DEST));
document.open();
// 嵌入字符编码的字体
Font f1 = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, "Cp1250", true);
Paragraph p1 = new Paragraph("测试字母 \u010c,\u0106,\u0160,\u017d,\u0110", f1);
document.add(p1);
document.close();

Conclusion:

Handling special characters when generating PDFs with iTextSharp requires a deeper understanding of how fonts, encodings, and character sets work in the PDF format. By implementing these best practices, you can ensure that all characters render correctly, regardless of the font used or the environment in which the PDF is opened.

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