Rust vs. Go: A Hands-On Comparison for Real Developers

Rust and Go: Practical comparison by senior developers

The eternal debate: Rust vs Go. It's like Coca-Cola versus Pepsi, Mac versus PC, or -- if you're really old-school -- Java versus C. Both are modern, excellent programming languages ​​that can solve your programming problems, but they are very different. In this post, we’ll dive into it with examples, stories, and some old-fashioned blogging style. Let's fix this (or at least try to have fun).

Quick Overview

• Rust: Your safety-conscious, detail-oriented friend who double-checks everything before hitting "send."
• Go: A relaxed and easy-going colleague who can complete tasks efficiently, pay attention to simplicity and not get hung up on minutiae.

Which one is better? It depends on the specific situation. Let's go through it example by example.

Performance: Racing vs. Sedan

Rust: Let’s say you are building a custom game engine and every nanosecond counts. Rust's lack of a garbage collector and precise control over memory make it extremely fast.

<code class="language-rust">fn calculate_fibonacci(n: u32) -> u32 {
    match n {
        0 => 0,
        1 => 1,
        _ => calculate_fibonacci(n - 1) + calculate_fibonacci(n - 2),
    }
}</code>

Look, it's very fast and optimized to get results in milliseconds even on low performance machines. But be careful - if you don't handle ownership correctly, the compiler will complain until you correct it.

Go: Now let’s rewrite it in Go:

<code class="language-go">func calculateFibonacci(n int) int {
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return calculateFibonacci(n-1) + calculateFibonacci(n-2)
}</code>

Of course, it's slightly slower because Go has a garbage collector, but guess what? You don't have to worry about memory at all. For 99% of web applications, this is an advantage.

---

Memory Safety: Rust’s Tutor vs. Go’s Nanny

Rust:

Rust takes memory safety very seriously. It feels like an instructor shouting at you:

<code class="language-rust">fn main() {
    let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
    let y = x; // 所有权转移
    println!("{:?}", x); // 错误：x 已被移动！
}</code>

"Ownership? Borrowing? Lifetime?" Yes, it's confusing at first, but this will prevent you from asking for trouble.

Go:

Go's attitude, meanwhile, is: "Relax, I'll take care of it." Its garbage collector handles memory, so you don't have to worry about ownership or pointers.

<code class="language-go">package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    x := []int{1, 2, 3}
    y := x // 这可以正常工作
    fmt.Println(x)
}</code>

Go keeps things simple, but at the expense of fine-grained control. If you're building a video game or operating system, this may not be enough.

---

Concurrency: Rust’s maze vs. Go’s lazy river

Concurrency is where things get tricky.

Rust:

Rust’s concurrency model is powerful, but it feels like solving a Rubik’s Cube blindfolded. Here is an example using threads:

<code class="language-rust">use std::thread;

fn main() {
    let handles: Vec<_> = (0..10).map(|i| {
        thread::spawn(move || {
            println!("Thread {} is running", i);
        })
    }).collect();

    for handle in handles {
        handle.join().unwrap();
    }
}</code>

Cool, right? But Rust uses its ownership model to ensure safety, so if you get it wrong, the compiler won't even let you run your code.

Go:
Go, on the other hand, uses goroutines to simplify concurrency:

<code class="language-rust">fn calculate_fibonacci(n: u32) -> u32 {
    match n {
        0 => 0,
        1 => 1,
        _ => calculate_fibonacci(n - 1) + calculate_fibonacci(n - 2),
    }
}</code>

No complicated models or ownership nightmares - just fire up the goroutine and let Go's runtime handle the rest.

---

Learning curve: Rust’s mountains vs. Go’s gentle slopes

Rust: Learning Rust is like learning calculus in high school—it’s hard, but once you master it, you’ll feel like a genius. Concepts like **Lifecycle**, **Ownership**, and **Borrowing** may confuse you at first, but they ensure that your code is very stable.

Go: Go is like those “learn to program in 7 days” books. Its simplicity means you can quickly become more efficient:

<code class="language-go">func calculateFibonacci(n int) int {
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return calculateFibonacci(n-1) + calculateFibonacci(n-2)
}</code>

No boilerplate code, no cryptic error messages - just write and run. Ideal for beginners or teams looking to get results quickly.

---

Ecosystem: Rust’s growing arsenal vs. Go’s mature toolkit

Rust: The Rust ecosystem is growing rapidly. Tools like cargo make dependency management a breeze, and libraries on crates.io cover everything from web frameworks to encryption.

Example: Need asynchronous programming? Rust powers you with tokio:

<code class="language-rust">fn main() {
    let x = vec![1, 2, 3];
    let y = x; // 所有权转移
    println!("{:?}", x); // 错误：x 已被移动！
}</code>

Go: The Go ecosystem is mature, especially when it comes to web and cloud development. Frameworks like gin and tools like docker make Go a top choice for DevOps and backend services.

Example: Simple web server using net/http:

<code class="language-go">package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    x := []int{1, 2, 3}
    y := x // 这可以正常工作
    fmt.Println(x)
}</code>

You can build and deploy it in minutes.

---

Practical application cases: respective areas of advantage

• Rust: Building a game engine? Writing an operating system? Create a high-performance tool like ripgrep? Rust is your best choice.
• Go: Need to build a scalable API quickly? Writing cloud-native tools like Kubernetes? Automate your CI/CD pipeline? Go is your choice.

---

Summary: Choose your warrior

• Rust: For perfectionists, control freaks, and performance fanatics. It's hard, but the rewards are worth it.
• Go: For pragmatists, fast movers and team players. Simple, effective, and ideal for web-scale applications.

So, which one is right for you? The answer isn’t Coca-Cola or Pepsi—it’s water. Choose the language that suits your project and let it thrive. Now, start building something amazing!

The above is the detailed content of Rust vs. Go: A Hands-On Comparison for Real Developers. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!