Why Am I Getting 'Unknown Wire-Type' Errors in Protobuf-net?

Protobuf-net's Variant Line Styles: Understanding and Resolving "Unknown Line Style" Errors

Protobuf-net is a popular binary serialization library that uses line styles to indicate the format of data in the serialization stream. When deserialization encounters an unfamiliar wire-type, it throws a ProtoException with the message "unknown wire-type".

What is line style?

The line style is a 3-bit value that precedes each field in the serialization stream. It provides information about the data type and encoding of subsequent data.

Different line style values ​​and their descriptions

线型	描述
0	变长整数（最多 64 位），以 base-128 编码，MSB 指示继续（整数和枚举的默认值）
1	64 位整数（8 字节）（用于 double，或可选地用于 long/ulong）
2	长度前缀字符串、字节数组、“打包”数组或子对象属性/列表（这些类型的默认值）
3, 4	已弃用的组编码（子对象的开始/结束标记）
5	32 位整数（4 字节）（用于 float，或可选地用于 int/uint 和其他小型整数类型）

Troubleshooting "Unknown line type" errors

1. Make sure the input data is valid:

a) Confirm Protobuf data

Verify that the input stream contains valid Protobuf data. Attempts to parse other formats (e.g. JSON, XML) will result in errors.

b) Check file integrity (if serialized to file)

Overwriting a file without truncating it may leave residual data at the end of the stream, causing an error. Truncate the file after writing or use SetLength to ensure a clean stream.

2. Cross-check serialization and deserialization types:

Make sure you use the correct type to deserialize the stream. Any mismatch between serialized and deserialized types may result in unknown linetype errors.

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