Multi-key dictionary in C#
C# itself does not support the data structure of multi-key dictionary. However, some open source libraries provide this functionality.
Tuple-based implementation
A common approach is to use tuples as keys. A tuple is a data structure that represents a collection of multiple values, each with its own type. For example, the following code defines a tuple containing two keys (a string and an integer):
var tuple = (key1: "key1", key2: 1);
You can then use the tuple as the key of the dictionary:
var dictionary = new Dictionary<Tuple<string, int>, string>(); dictionary.Add(tuple, "value");
Structure-based implementation
Another option is to define a custom structure to represent the multi-key value. The following code defines a structure with two fields:
public struct Key { public string Key1 { get; set; } public int Key2 { get; set; } }
You can then use the struct as a key to a dictionary:
var dictionary = new Dictionary<Key, string>(); dictionary.Add(new Key { Key1 = "key1", Key2 = 1 }, "value");
Value object implementation
A more sophisticated approach is to define a class to encapsulate multiple values and enforce value semantics. This approach provides a concise and easy-to-maintain way to handle multi-key data. The following code defines a value object with two fields:
public class ValueObject { public string Key1 { get; private set; } public int Key2 { get; private set; } public ValueObject(string key1, int key2) { Key1 = key1; Key2 = key2; } public override bool Equals(object obj) { return obj is ValueObject other && other.Key1 == Key1 && other.Key2 == Key2; } public override int GetHashCode() { return HashCode.Combine(Key1, Key2); } }
You can then use the value object as the key of the dictionary:
var dictionary = new Dictionary<ValueObject, string>(); dictionary.Add(new ValueObject("key1", 1), "value");
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