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How to Catch Exceptions Thrown in Different Threads in C#?

Catching Exceptions Thrown in Different Threads

In multi-threaded programming, it can be challenging to handle exceptions that occur in threads other than the main thread. This issue arises when one method (Method1) spawns a new thread, and that thread executes another method (Method2) that throws an exception. The question is how to capture this exception within Method1.

Solution for .NET 4 and Above

For .NET 4 and later versions, Task class offers a convenient solution. It allows you to get exceptions using the .Exceptions property on the task object. Here are two approaches:

  • Handling Exceptions in Task Thread:

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(Test);
            task.ContinueWith(ExceptionHandler, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);
            task.Start();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    
        static int Test()
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    
        static void ExceptionHandler(Task<int> task)
        {
            var exception = task.Exception;
            Console.WriteLine(exception);
        }
    }</int></int></int>
  • Handling Exceptions in Caller Thread:

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(Test);
            task.Start();
    
            try
            {
                task.Wait();
            }
            catch (AggregateException ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex);
            }
    
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    
        static int Test()
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }</int></int>

In both cases, you get an AggregateException, and the actual exceptions are accessible through ex.InnerExceptions.

Solution for .NET 3.5

For .NET 3.5, you can use the following approaches:

  • Handling Exceptions in Child Thread:

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Exception exception = null;
            Thread thread = new Thread(() => SafeExecute(() => Test(0, 0), Handler));
            thread.Start();
    
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    
        private static void Handler(Exception exception)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(exception);
        }
    
        private static void SafeExecute(Action test, Action<exception> handler)
        {
            try
            {
                test.Invoke();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Handler(ex);
            }
        }
    
        static void Test(int a, int b)
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }</exception>
  • Handling Exceptions in Caller Thread:

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Exception exception = null;
            Thread thread = new Thread(() => SafeExecute(() => Test(0, 0), out exception));
    
            thread.Start();
    
            thread.Join();
    
            Console.WriteLine(exception);
    
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    
        private static void SafeExecute(Action test, out Exception exception)
        {
            exception = null;
    
            try
            {
                test.Invoke();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                exception = ex;
            }
        }
    
        static void Test(int a, int b)
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }

These options provide flexibility in handling exceptions in multi-threaded scenarios, ensuring robust error management in your applications.

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