How to Fix 'Transaction count after EXECUTE indicates a mismatching number of BEGIN and COMMIT statements' Errors in Stored Procedures?

Mismatched BEGIN-COMMIT Counts: Transaction Count Error

In a scenario where a stored procedure calls another stored procedure within an EXECUTE statement, an error may occur if the transaction count mismatch. The following error message illustrates this issue:

Transaction count after EXECUTE indicates a mismatching number of BEGIN and COMMIT statements. Previous count = 1, current count = 0

Root Cause

This error typically occurs when the caller stored procedure starts a transaction (with BEGIN) and the callee stored procedure does not properly handle transaction exceptions.

Investigation

Upon review of the code, it was discovered that the callee stored procedure was not checking for transaction abortions or uncommitted transactions within its TRY/CATCH block. When an exception occurs, the transaction should be properly handled.

Solution

To resolve this issue, the callee stored procedure should be modified to include proper handling of transaction state. The following example demonstrates the recommended approach:

CREATE PROCEDURE [usp_my_procedure_name]
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    DECLARE @trancount INT;
    SET @trancount = @@TRANCOUNT;
    BEGIN TRY
        IF @trancount = 0
            BEGIN TRANSACTION
        ELSE
            SAVE TRANSACTION usp_my_procedure_name;

        -- Do the actual work here

label exit:
        IF @trancount = 0
            COMMIT;
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
        DECLARE @error INT, @message VARCHAR(4000), @xstate INT;
        SELECT @error = ERROR_NUMBER(), @message = ERROR_MESSAGE(), @xstate = XACT_STATE();
        IF @xstate = -1
            ROLLBACK;
        IF @xstate = 1 AND @trancount = 0
            ROLLBACK
        IF @xstate = 1 AND @trancount > 0
            ROLLBACK TRANSACTION usp_my_procedure_name;

        RAISERROR ('usp_my_procedure_name: %d: %s', 16, 1, @error, @message);
    END CATCH
END
GO

Additional Resources

• [Exception Handling and Nested Transactions](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/begin-transaction-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15#exceptions-and-nested-transactions)

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