How Do I Remove ^M Characters from an SQL Script in a Unix Environment?

End of Line Characters with ^M

The issue of displaying ^M characters in a Unix environment while executing an SQL script originates from incompatible line-ending characters. These characters indicate an end of line, and they differ between systems.

Cause:

The SQL script was likely created in a DOS/Windows environment. Windows uses a Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF) combination (often referred to as CRLF) as the line-ending characters. Unix systems, on the other hand, utilize only a Line Feed character.

Solution:

To resolve this issue, use the dos2unix command. This utility converts the inconsistent Windows line-ending characters to the Unix-compatible format, effectively removing the ^M characters:

dos2unix sql_script.sql

For more detailed information, consult the manual pages for the dos2unix command.

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