Svelte Share state between components (for dummies)

As soon as you see the new $state in Svelte 5, you might be tempted to do the following:

// sharedState.svelte.js
export const searchState = $state(""); // This won't work!

<!-- App.svelte -->
<script>
import { searchState } from './sharedState.svelte.js'

function handleClick(){
    // This won't work!
    searchState = "bicycles";
}
</script><button onclick="{handleClick}">Search for bicycles</button>

This won't work - and here is why:

You're encountering the most complicated part of Svelte 5. How reactivity works and how the compiler hides it from you.

When you export a single value like a number or string, there is no mechanism for Svelte to maintain reactivity because JavaScript doesn't offer a way to track that.

Huge thanks to Mat Simon who explained this to me in simple words ? Here is what I learned:

Use $state with objects and arrays, not strings!

You can't use a string directly, but all objects (and arrays) in $state get all their values proxied automatically by Svelte 5. Wrapping your string value into an object works:

// sharedState.svelte.js
// ❌ export const searchState = $state("");
export const searchState = $state({ text : "" });

This turned into an Svelte state object with a getter and a setter for .text. You can choose any property name you want, as well as multiple properties.

When you import this $state object, and then write .text =, you're using the Svelte setter to update the state:

// App.svelte

import { searchState } from './sharedState.svelte.js'

function handleClick(){
    // uses the automatically created setter
    searchState.text = "bicycles";
}

<button onclick="{handleClick}">Search for bicycles</button>

Simple Demo (REPL)): Share $state between components (simple)

And Svelte is really clever about how to proxy these objects. That's why: myList.push('foo') works too for Arrays, because Svelte proxied the push method too.

// data.svelte.js
export const myList = $state([]);

Beware: Don't re-assign objects / arrays directly!

When you use an object (including arrays) they are also not states themselves! That's important to understand.

If you do this, you lost reactivity!

import { searchState } from './sharedState.svelte.js';
searchState = {text: "Hello world!"}; // don't do this!

There is no way for Svelte to handle this for you. Always use the automatic Svelte getter/setter via searchState.text = 'new value'.

Advanced: Use SvelteSet, SvelteMap, SvelteDate, etc.

Okay, objects and arrays are fine and handled by Svelte automatically - we got it.

But what about
Date, URL and more built-in objects of standard JavaScript? And if you're more experienced in JavaScript, you might know that there are some more advanced data types (standard built-in objects):

• The Set object lets you store unique values of any type, whether primitive values or object references.

• The Map object holds key-value pairs and remembers the original insertion order of the keys.

If you want to use these with reactive $state, you need to use their corresponding Svelte wrapper from svelte/reactivity

• MediaQuery
• SvelteDate
• SvelteMap
• SvelteSet
• SvelteURL
• SvelteURLSearchParams

// sharedState.svelte.js
export const searchState = $state(""); // This won't work!

The reason there is a separate SvelteSet and SvelteMap class (instead of just rewriting it automatically like they do with objects and arrays) is because they wanted to draw a line somewhere since they can't proxy every conceivable object. See https://github.com/sveltejs/svelte/issues/10263 for technical details.

Advanced: Use classes

There are multiple options to define your state objects, you can also use classes for custom methods: https://joyofcode.xyz/how-to-share-state-in-svelte-5#using-classes-for-reactive-state

Share state between components ($state & $derived)

So we know how to import (and update) states inside components and we know that we can use objects and array out of the box with $state:

<!-- App.svelte -->
<script>
import { searchState } from './sharedState.svelte.js'

function handleClick(){
    // This won't work!
    searchState = "bicycles";
}
</script><button onclick="{handleClick}">Search for bicycles</button>

We can even pass down the $state object as reference by a property with $props:

// sharedState.svelte.js
// ❌ export const searchState = $state("");
export const searchState = $state({ text : "" });

// App.svelte

import { searchState } from './sharedState.svelte.js'

function handleClick(){
    // uses the automatically created setter
    searchState.text = "bicycles";
}

<button onclick="{handleClick}">Search for bicycles</button>

But how do you know that the state changed somewhere in your app when you're inside a component? That's what $derived and $derived.by are for:

// data.svelte.js
export const myList = $state([]);

Simple Demo (REPL)): Share $state between components (simple)

Usage with bind:value

As you might already know, there is no need to write handler functions for text inputs. You can just use bind:value={myStateObj} to update the state automatically:

import { searchState } from './sharedState.svelte.js';
searchState = {text: "Hello world!"}; // don't do this!

Usage with bind:group?

Multiple checkbox inputs can be handled with Svelte as well via bind-group={stateObj} - but there is still an open discussion about how to use it correctly with $state.

The good news: There are multiple ways to do this, see below.

Advanced demo: Search and filter product data

One way is to use the onchange event and update the state within the handler function.

Simple Demo (REPL): Search and filter with checkbox group components and v5 $state & $derived

Full SvelteKit example (WIP): https://github.com/mandrasch/austrian-web-dev-companies

I also started Reddit discussion to get more feedback:
What's the easiest way for search & filter checkboxes with Svelte v5 ($state)?

Happy to get your feedback there - or here as comment! ?

More resources

• Different Ways To Share State In Svelte 5 - Joy of Code
• Lets Build A Filtering System with Svelte 5 , Sveltekit 2, Tailwind, Upstash (2024) - Lawal Adebola
• Svelte 5 - Global $state (convert stores to $state runes) - Svelte Mastery

Huge thanks to Mat Simon!

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