How Can I Efficiently Perform String Interpolation in C ?

String Interpolation in C

String interpolation, or variable substitution, allows you to create strings with embedded values. One common way to do this in C is to use the << operator:

std::string message = "error! value was " << actualValue << " but I expected " << expectedValue;

This method is straightforward and easy to use, but it is not type-safe and can be inefficient for large strings.

In C 20, a new standard library function, std::format, is available for string interpolation. This function supports Python-style formatting:

std::string message = std::format("error! value was {0} but I expected {1}", actualValue, expectedValue);

std::format is type-safe and provides better performance than the << operator.

For projects that target older versions of C or require maximum portability, third-party libraries such as fmtlib can be used for string interpolation:

fmt::MemoryWriter messageWriter;
fmt::format_to(messageWriter, "error! value was {} but I expected {}", actualValue, expectedValue);
std::string message = messageWriter.str();

When selecting a method for string interpolation in C , consider the following factors:

• Type safety: std::format and fmtlib ensure that the values embedded in the string are of the correct type.
• Performance: std::format is more efficient than the << operator, especially for large strings.
• Portability: std::format is only available in C 20, while fmtlib is compatible with older versions of C .

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