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How Does C Achieve Polymorphism, and What Are Its Different Types?

Susan Sarandon

Jan 02, 2025 pm 04:38 PM

How Does C Achieve Polymorphism, and What Are Its Different Types?

Polymorphism in C

Introduction

Polymorphism allows different types of objects to respond to the same message, such as a function call, in a uniform way. C provides multiple mechanisms to achieve polymorphism.

Explicit Programmer-Specified Polymorphism

Overloading: Functions with the same name but different parameter types are used to provide different implementations for different types.

Templates: Classes and functions can be defined using generic type parameters, allowing a single function to work with multiple types.

Virtual Dispatch: Functions in classes can be declared virtual, which allows derived classes to override the function and provide their own implementations.

Compiler-Provided Polymorphism: Certain built-in operators and operations are overloaded by the compiler to support polymorphism.

Conversions: Implicit and explicit conversions can be used to convert between different types, facilitating interaction between different data types.

Coercion/Casting: Implicit or explicit type conversions can be performed manually or through casts.

Categorization Based on Implementation

Compile-time Polymorphism: Polymorphism is handled by the compiler during compilation. This includes overloading and templates.

Run-time Polymorphism: Polymorphism is handled dynamically during program execution. This includes virtual dispatch.

Types of Polymorphism

Ad-hoc Polymorphism: Polymorphism achieved by specifying individual cases for each type that needs to be supported.

Parametric Polymorphism: Polymorphism achieved using generic types without specifying specific type operations. This is commonly seen with templates and macros.

Discussion

Understanding the mechanisms of polymorphism empowers developers to use the technique effectively.
Different types of polymorphism suit different scenarios, considering factors such as performance and reusability.

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