How Can I Efficiently Sort Arrays of Structs in Go?

Elegant Array Sorting in Go

When dealing with arrays of structs, sorting becomes crucial. In Go, we can leverage the sort.Slice function introduced in Go 1.8 to achieve this effortlessly.

Example:

Consider an array of Planet structs:

type Planet struct {
    Name       string
    Aphelion   float64
    Perihelion float64
    Axis       int64
    Radius     float64
}

Sorting by Axis:

To sort this array by the Axis field, we can use the following code:

sort.Slice(planets, func(i, j int) bool {
  return planets[i].Axis < planets[j].Axis
})

This function takes a slice as the first argument and a comparison function as the second argument. The comparison function determines how the elements should be sorted. In this case, the comparison function returns true if the Axis value at index i is less than the Axis value at index j, indicating that the element at i should be sorted before the element at j.

Caveat with Arrays:

When working with arrays, we need to convert them to slices before using sort.Slice. This is because arrays are fixed-size and cannot be resized dynamically, unlike slices.

sort.Slice(planets[:], func(i, j int) bool {
  return planets[i].Axis < planets[j].Axis
})

By adding the [:] syntax to the slice, we are effectively creating a slice that overlays the array. This allows us to modify the array through the slice.

This elegant and straightforward approach simplifies array sorting in Go, making it as simple as its Python counterpart, where sorted(planets, key=lambda n: n.Axis) achieves the same result.

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