How to Implement Full UTF-8 Support for Finnish and Cyrillic Characters in Java Web Applications?

UTF-8 Implementation for Java Webapps

Challenge: Enabling UTF-8 support for Finnish and Cyrillic characters in a Java webapp.

Solution:

Tomcat Configuration:

• Set URIEncoding="UTF-8" in server.xml to ensure correct handling of GET request parameters in UTF-8.

CharsetFilter:

• Define a filter that sets request and response character encoding to UTF-8.
• Add this filter to the web.xml deployment descriptor.

JSP Page Encoding:

• Set pageEncoding="UTF-8" in web.xml or at the beginning of each JSP page.

HTML Meta Tags:

• Add the meta tag to the section of HTML pages.

JDBC Connection:

• Use useEncoding=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 in database connection parameters.

MySQL Database and Tables:

• Create the database and tables with the UTF-8 character set.

MySQL Server Configuration:

• Specify the default character set as UTF-8 in the server configuration files (my.ini or my.cnf).

MySQL Procedures and Functions:

• Include character set definitions in procedures and functions, using the UTF-8 character set.

GET Requests:

• Note that browsers often encode GET requests in Latin1, even when the page is UTF-8. For characters that differ in encoding (e.g., "ä" in Latin1 and "å" in UTF-8), full UTF-8 support may not be feasible for GET requests.

Additional Considerations:

• For extended Unicode support beyond the Basic Multilingual Plane, consider using VARBINARY columns or the utf8mb4 character set in MySQL.
• When using Apache with Tomcat and mod_JK, add URIEncoding="UTF-8" to the 8009 connector in server.xml and enable "AddDefaultCharset utf-8" in Apache's httpd.conf.

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