How to Fix SQLSTATE[42000] Syntax Error Using Reserved Keywords in Column Names?

Troubleshoot SQLSTATE[42000] Error: Syntax Error or Access Violation

In your code, you encounter the error "SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation" due to the use of reserved keywords as column names. Specifically, the column name "from" is a reserved keyword in SQL.

Solution:

To resolve this issue, you need to quote the reserved column name. In MySQL, column names are quoted using backticks (`). Therefore, the problematic line in your code should be modified as follows:

$sql = "INSERT INTO messages (`from`, `to`, `name`, `subject`, `message`) VALUES (:from, :to, :name, :subject, :message)";

Additional Considerations:

Note that "to" is also a reserved keyword in SQL. Therefore, you need to quote it as well, resulting in the following modified line:

$sql = "INSERT INTO messages (`from`, `to`, `name`, `subject`, `message`) VALUES (:from, :to, :name, :subject, :message)";

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