How Should I Configure Spring's `spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto` Property for Development, Testing, and Production?

Understanding Spring's spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto Property

Spring Data JPA offers the spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto property to configure the behavior of schema management at startup. This property maps to Hibernate's hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto and influences how Hibernate handles database schema alterations.

Values and Effects:

The following values are supported:

• create: Recreate the database schema on startup.
• create-drop: Same as create, but also drops the schema on shutdown.
• validate: Validate the schema against the annotated models.
• update: Update the schema to match the annotated models.
• none: No automatic schema management.

Recommendations:

• Development: Use create-drop to create the schema dynamically and reset it after tests.
• Testing: Consider using create-drop for test isolation and cleanup.
• Production: Best practice is to use none. Database schema changes should be managed with migration scripts to ensure data integrity and avoid data loss or inconsistencies. This approach allows DBAs to review and approve changes before applying them to the production database.

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