How to Properly Configure UTF-8 Encoding in a Java Web Application Running on Tomcat?

How to Resolve UTF-8 Encoding Issues in Java Web Applications

To ensure proper UTF-8 encoding support in a Java webapp running under Tomcat without the use of frameworks, the following configuration steps are necessary:

Configuring Tomcat's server.xml

Within the server.xml file, enable UTF-8 encoding for GET request parameters by setting "URIEncoding="UTF-8"" in the Connector configuration. This ensures that Tomcat handles incoming URLs as UTF-8 encoded.

CharsetFilter

Implement a Character Set Filter that forces all requests and responses to use UTF-8 encoding. This filter should also set the default response content type and encoding as "text/html; charset=UTF-8."

JSP Page Encoding

In the web.xml deployment descriptor, add a jsp-config element to specify the page encoding for all JSP pages as "UTF-8."

HTML Meta Tags

In each generated HTML page, include the meta tag "" to inform browsers about the encoding used.

JDBC Connection and Database

When establishing a database connection, set the character encoding to "UTF-8" in both the JDBC connection parameters and the database configuration.

MySQL Server Configuration

Configure the MySQL server to use UTF-8 as the default character set both for clients and the server itself.

MySQL Procedures and Functions

Define the character set for MySQL procedures and functions as "UTF-8" to ensure proper encoding.

Considerations for GET Requests

Note that while Tomcat is instructed to handle GET parameters as UTF-8, browsers may still encode some characters in latin1. There are additional configurations to address this inconsistency.

Useful Resources

Refer to the provided research and documentation links for further information.

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