How Can I Implement a Timeout Mechanism for Tasks in Java using Timers and ExecutorService?

Setting a Timer in Java

This question initially focused on setting a timer to attempt a database connection and throw an exception if any connection issues arise. The clarified question goes further by requesting a timer to execute a task for a specified time period, throwing an exception if the task exceeds that time.

Setting a Timer

To set a timer, create a java.util.Timer object:

Timer timer = new Timer();

To execute the task once, schedule it using Timer.schedule():

timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // Database code here
    }
}, 2*60*1000); // 2 minutes in milliseconds

To repeat the task at the specified interval, use Timer.scheduleAtFixedRate():

timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // Database code here
    }
}, 2*60*1000, 2*60*1000);

Timeout Mechanism

To set a timeout for a task, use an ExecutorService:

ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

try {
    Runnable r = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // Database task
        }
    };

    Future> f = service.submit(r);

    f.get(2, TimeUnit.MINUTES); // attempt the task for 2 minutes
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
    // Thread interrupted during sleep, wait, or join
}
catch (TimeoutException e) {
    // Took too long!
}
catch (ExecutionException e) {
    // Exception within the Runnable task
}
finally {
    service.shutdown();
}

This code will execute normally if the task completes within 2 minutes. Otherwise, a TimeoutException will be thrown and the thread will continue running until it encounters an exception in the database or network connection.

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