How to Efficiently Implement a BigInt Class in C ?

Approach to Implementing a Big int Class in C

When implementing a big int class in C , consider the following general approach:

Data Structure:

• Store the number as a string or an array of smaller numbers, such as single digits.
• Use a vector or an array to handle numbers of arbitrary length.

Arithmetic Operations:

• Addition ( =):

  • Iterate through both numbers, adding each pair of digits.
  • Keep track of any overflow to handle carries.
  • Use the carry mechanism to adjust the result and propagate the carry to the next iteration.

• Multiplication:

  • Use traditional multiplication algorithms, such as:

    • Long multiplication: Multiply each digit of one number by every digit of the other.
    • Multiply-and-accumulate: Break down one number into smaller partial products and accumulate them.

• Subtraction and Division:

  • Implement subtraction and division similarly to addition and multiplication, handling carries and overflows as needed.

Tips:

• Consider using bitwise operations to optimize certain operations.
• Use carry handling to avoid overflow issues.
• Implement comparison operators (e.g., <, >, ==) by comparing the lengths and values of the vectors or arrays.
• Be efficient in your code, potentially using STL algorithms or predefined functions for certain operations.

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