How Can I Use Python Decorators to Make Functions Bold and Italic, Add Timestamps, and Capitalize Method Results?

Make Functions Bold and Italic Using Decorators

Decorators are Pythonic functions that enhance other functions. We'll create two decorators, @make_bold and @make_italic, to format text in bold and italics. Here's how:

</p>
<h1>Decorator to make text bold</h1>
<p>def make_bold(func):</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">def wrapper():
    return "<b>" + func() + "</b>"  # Surround the result with bold tags
return wrapper

Decorator to make text italic

def make_italic(func):

def wrapper():
    return "<i>" + func() + "</i>"  # Surround the result with italic tags
return wrapper

@make_bold
@make_italic
def say():

return "Hello"

print(say()) # Output: "Hello"

Decorating Functions with Arguments

You can also create decorators that accept arguments. For example, let's make a decorator that adds a timestamp to the result:

<br>import time</p>
<h1>Decorator to add a timestamp to a function</h1>
<p>def add_timestamp(func):</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
    timestamp = time.ctime()  # Get the current time
    return f"{timestamp}: {func(*args, **kwargs)}"  # Prepend the timestamp to the call
return wrapper

@add_timestamp
def greet(name):

return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("John")) # Output: "2023-01-01 12:00:00: Hello, John!"

Decorators for Methods

Decorators work not only for functions but also for methods. Here's how to decorate a method:

<br>class User:</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name

Decorator to capitalize user names

def capitalize_name(method):

def wrapper(self):
    return method(self).capitalize()  # Capitalize the result
return wrapper

@capitalize_name
def get_name(self):

return self.name

user = User("john")
print(user.get_name()) # Output: "John"

Best Practices

• Use the @syntax to decorate functions, as it's more readable.
• Keep decorators lightweight to avoid performance overhead.
• Use functools.wraps() to preserve the original function's metadata (name, docstring).
• Consider using decorators for cross-cutting concerns like logging, caching, or error handling.

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