How Can I Import a Module from a Nested Folder in Python?

Importing Modules from Nested Folders

Importing files from different folders within a project can be challenging in Python. Let's explore a scenario and its solution.

Question:

Consider the following folder structure:

application
├── app
│   └── folder
│       └── file.py
└── app2
    └── some_folder
        └── some_file.py

How can you import a function named func_name from file.py into some_file.py?

Answer:

The typical approach of using from application.app.folder.file import func_name will not work. This is because Python's default import search path does not include subdirectories.

Solution:

To work around this limitation, you can modify the Python search path at runtime by adding the desired directory to sys.path before importing the module. Here's an example in some_file.py:

import sys
# Caution: path[0] is reserved for the script path or '' in REPL
sys.path.insert(1, '/path/to/application/app/folder')

import file

This will allow you to access the function from the imported module as:

file.func_name()

Note:

This approach is intended for very specific scenarios. Typically, structuring your code into packages is a more preferred solution for modularity and maintainability.

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