Why Are My Fixed Background Images Broken on Mobile, and How Can I Fix Them with CSS Only?

Fixed Background Issues on Mobile: Resolving Scaling and Repetition

In developing a webpage, you may encounter challenges in adapting fixed background images on mobile devices. The solution that has proven effective on desktop browsers, involving the use of CSS properties like background-size: cover and background: no-repeat center center fixed, fails to produce the desired outcome on iPhones and iPads.

To address this issue, a resourceful solution has emerged that eliminates the need for JavaScript and offers a straightforward fix:

body:before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  position: fixed;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: -10;
  background: url(photos/2452.jpg) no-repeat center center;
  -webkit-background-size: cover;
  -moz-background-size: cover;
  -o-background-size: cover;
  background-size: cover;
}

This solution works by creating a pseudo-element that acts as a fixed background, positioned behind all other page elements. It utilizes many CSS properties similar to those used for the HTML element, ensuring consistency in behavior.

Note that the z-index property is set to a negative value of -10, and this is crucial for the pseudo-element to appear as the background. The default z-index value for the HTML root element is 0, and hence the negative value ensures the pseudo-element is placed behind every other element on the page.

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