Elegant Array Sorting in Go with Custom Field Comparators
Sorting an array of structs by a specific field can be a common task in Go programming. Let's explore an efficient and customizable way to achieve this.
The Problem:
Given an array of structs like the following:
type Planet struct { Name string `json:"name"` Aphelion float64 `json:"aphelion"` // in million km Perihelion float64 `json:"perihelion"` // in million km Axis int64 `json:"Axis"` // in km Radius float64 `json:"radius"` }
How can we sort this array by the Axis field?
The Solution:
Since Go 1.8, the sort.Slice function provides a convenient way to sort a slice using a custom comparison function. To sort the array of planets by Axis, we can use the following code:
import "sort" // Define a comparison function to compare planets by their Axis value. var sortByAxis = func(i, j int) bool { return planets[i].Axis <p><strong>Using Arrays vs. Slices:</strong></p><p>Normally, it's recommended to use slices over arrays in Go because slices are more flexible and efficient. However, in this case, the planets variable is declared as an array. To make it work with sort.Slice, we need to overlay it with a slice using planets[:].</p><p><strong>Sorting and Maintaining the Array Structure:</strong></p><p>It's important to note that the sorting operation modifies the array in place. If you wish to maintain the original array structure, you can create a copy of the slice before sorting:</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">planetSlice := make([]Planet, len(planets)) copy(planetSlice, planets) sort.Slice(planetSlice, sortByAxis)
This allows you to use the sorted slice without affecting the original array.
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