How to Reliably Wait for Elements to Be Present, Visible, and Clickable in Selenium?

Waiting Until an Element is Present, Visible, and Interactable with Selenium

In Selenium, it's often necessary to wait until an element appears before interacting with it. Using sleep() to wait is unreliable, as the element's appearance time can vary. Instead, you should leverage WebDriverWait and expected conditions.

Waiting for Element Presence

To verify an element's presence on the DOM, set the expected_conditions to presence_of_element_located(). This doesn't require the element to be visible. For example:

Waiting for Element Visibility

To extract an attribute from an element, use visibility_of_element_located(). This ensures the element is visible and has non-zero dimensions.

Waiting for Element Clickability

To click on an element, set expected_conditions to element_to_be_clickable(). This checks if the element is visible and enabled for interaction.

Additional References

For further insights, refer to the following resources:

• [WebDriverWait not working as expected](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium-google-code-issue-archive/issues/4395)
• [Selenium: Check for the presence of element](https://www.guru99.com/verify-element-present-selenium.html)

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