How Can Selenium 4 Effectively Automate Shadow DOM Elements?

Automating Shadow DOM Elements with Selenium

As a Selenium Java developer, encountering web pages with deep shadow DOM structures can pose challenges. Locating and interacting with elements within these nested DOMs using the findElement method can be difficult.

Ineffective Solutions:

• Deep CSS: This approach no longer functions in modern Chrome browsers.
• JS Executor: While functional, it can be tedious and complex to maintain.

Selenium 4 Solution:

Selenium 4 introduces a solution with WebElement.getShadowRoot(). This method allows you to navigate into a shadow DOM root and interact with its elements. For instance:

WebElement parent = driver.findElement(By.id("parentId"));
WebElement child = parent.getShadowRoot().findElement(By.cssSelector("label")).findElement(By.tagName("input"));

Limitations:

Within a shadow root, By.cssSelector() and By.className() can be used, while By.id() and By.tagName() throw an org.openqa.selenium.InvalidArgumentException.

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