Comparison of zod with class-validator & class-transformer in NestJS
I was confused, or at least curious between zod or class-validator & class-transformer
as a validation library in NestJS.
Main Point
Just go straight to it.
1. Reasons for choosing class-validator & class-transformer
- Is a duo packages that are common & widely used in NestJS
- The writing method is very NestJS because it is decorator-based validation
- clean & seamless integration with its use with class-transformer & ValidationPipe
2. Reasons for choosing Zod
- Framework agnostic
- Very typescript
- For those who prefer functional & schema-based approach
- Performance & lightweight validation is critical
Details
class-validator & class-transformer are the 2 packages most commonly used as validation in NestJS,
yes, apart from the fact that the writing method is the same as NestJS using decorator-based,
also because it is clean & seamless because it can be used with ValidationPipe as DTO.
So the incoming data/payload received by the controller has been validated & changed/transformed according to its definition.
Meanwhile, Zod still needs to manually validate the data/payload received,
Yes, maybe only 1 or a maximum of 3 lines,
but of course the more validation functions are needed, the more manual processes are needed.
Procedure details
The following are detailed procedures (may be subjective) for comparison.
class-validator & class-transformer
1. Installation
npm install class-validator class-transformer
2. Enable Global Validation
// main.ts .... import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common'; async function bootstrap() { .... // Enable validation globally app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ transform: true, // Automatically transform payloads to DTO instances whitelist: true, // Strip unknown properties forbidNonWhitelisted: true, // Throw error for unknown properties })); .... } ....
3. Define DTO (Data Transfer Object)
import { IsNotEmpty, IsString, IsInt, Min } from "class-validator"; import { Type, Transform } from "class-transformer"; export class CreateUserDto { @Transform(({ value }) => value.trim()) // Trim whitespaces @IsNotEmpty({ message: "Nama tidak boleh kosong" }) @IsString({ message: "Nama harus berupa string" }) @Min(3, { message: "Minimal panjang nama 3 karakter" }) name: string; @Type(() => Number) // Transform input ke tipe Number @IsNotEmpty({ message: "Nama tidak boleh kosong" }) @IsInt({ message: "Umur harus berupa bilangan bulat" }) @Min(17, { message: "Minimal umur terdaftar 17 tahun" }) age: number; }
It's quite long, but that's how it is decorator-based.
4. Use of validation
import { Body, Controller, Post } from "@nestjs/common"; import { CreateUserDto } from "./create-user.dto"; @Controller("users") export class UsersController { @Post() create(@Body() createUserDto: CreateUserDto) { // Pada titik ini data/payload createUserdDto // sudah tervalidasi & diubah sesuai definisinya // developer bisa langsung eksekusi service // atau logic yang lain } }
Zod
1. Installation
npm install zod
2. Create Validation Scheme
// user.validaiton.ts import { z, ZodType } from "zod"; export class UserValidation { static readonly CREATE: ZodType = z.object({ name: z .string({ message: "Nama harus berupa string" }) .nonempty({ message: "Nama tidak boleh kosong" }) .min(3, "Minimal panjang nama 13 karakter"), age: z .number({ message: "Umur harus berupa angka" }) .int({ message: "Umur harus berupa bilangan bulat" }) .min(17, "Minimal umur terdaftar 17 tahub"), }); } export type TCreateUserPayload = z.infer<typeof uservalidation.create>; </typeof>
*Personal: I prefer reading this schema than the one above
3. Use of validation
import { Body, Controller, Post } from "@nestjs/common"; import { UserValidation, TCreateUserPayload } from "./user.validation.ts"; @Controller("users") export class UsersController { @Post() create(@Body() createUserPayload: TCreateUserPayload) { const payload = UserValidation.CREATE.parse(createUserPayload); // Pada titik ini data/payload payload // sudah tervalidasi & diubah sesuai definisinya // developer bisa langsung eksekusi service // atau logic yang lain } }
Conclusion
Personally I prefer the way Zod is used.
However, what needs to be underlined is choose according to the team's needs & standards.
https://abdulghofurme.github.io/posts/zod-vs-class-validator-n-class-transformer/
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