How to Best Implement Delays and Scheduling in Java?

Creating Delays in Java

In Java, introducing delays can be achieved through various methods. When aiming for a fixed interval delay within a loop, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit offers the sleep method. To pause for a specified number of seconds, one can use TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);. However, this approach poses a potential issue called drift, which causes deviations from the intended delay with each cycle.

For flexible control and task scheduling, ScheduledExecutorService emerges as a more suitable solution. The methods scheduleAtFixedRate and scheduleWithFixedDelay allow for precise task execution based on a specified delay interval.

In Java 8, to execute myTask every second using scheduleAtFixedRate:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    final ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
    executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(App::myTask, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

private static void myTask() {
    System.out.println("Running");
}

For Java 7 compatibility:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    final ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
    executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            myTask();
        }
    }, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

private static void myTask() {
    System.out.println("Running");
}

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