Subclasses: Inheriting Private Fields or Not?
In an interview conundrum, the question of whether subclasses inherit private fields sparks debate. Initially, one might assume a negative response due to the lack of direct access to these fields. However, the interviewer argues that subclasses do inherit them, citing indirect access and reflection methods.
Despite the interviewer's perspective, the Java Language Specification (JLS) clearly states that private members of a class are not inherited by its subclasses. This distinction is crucial when considering inheritance in the context of classes rather than objects. Objects of subclasses undoubtedly contain the private fields of their superclasses.
The interviewer's opinion may stem from the broader definition of inheritance. Objects of subclasses inherit all the data and methods of their parent classes, including private fields. However, from a class perspective, inheritance refers to the syntax and capabilities available to a child class. Private members are not accessible from outside their class or subclasses, and therefore, subclasses do not inherit them in this sense.
To conclude, while objects of subclasses inherit the data values of private fields from their parent classes, subclasses themselves do not inherit these fields from a syntactic or accessibility standpoint. This understanding unambiguously aligns with the official Java language definition.
The above is the detailed content of Do Subclasses Inherit Private Fields in Java?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

JVMmanagesgarbagecollectionacrossplatformseffectivelybyusingagenerationalapproachandadaptingtoOSandhardwaredifferences.ItemploysvariouscollectorslikeSerial,Parallel,CMS,andG1,eachsuitedfordifferentscenarios.Performancecanbetunedwithflagslike-XX:NewRa

Java code can run on different operating systems without modification, because Java's "write once, run everywhere" philosophy is implemented by Java virtual machine (JVM). As the intermediary between the compiled Java bytecode and the operating system, the JVM translates the bytecode into specific machine instructions to ensure that the program can run independently on any platform with JVM installed.

The compilation and execution of Java programs achieve platform independence through bytecode and JVM. 1) Write Java source code and compile it into bytecode. 2) Use JVM to execute bytecode on any platform to ensure the code runs across platforms.

Java performance is closely related to hardware architecture, and understanding this relationship can significantly improve programming capabilities. 1) The JVM converts Java bytecode into machine instructions through JIT compilation, which is affected by the CPU architecture. 2) Memory management and garbage collection are affected by RAM and memory bus speed. 3) Cache and branch prediction optimize Java code execution. 4) Multi-threading and parallel processing improve performance on multi-core systems.

Using native libraries will destroy Java's platform independence, because these libraries need to be compiled separately for each operating system. 1) The native library interacts with Java through JNI, providing functions that cannot be directly implemented by Java. 2) Using native libraries increases project complexity and requires managing library files for different platforms. 3) Although native libraries can improve performance, they should be used with caution and conducted cross-platform testing.

JVM handles operating system API differences through JavaNativeInterface (JNI) and Java standard library: 1. JNI allows Java code to call local code and directly interact with the operating system API. 2. The Java standard library provides a unified API, which is internally mapped to different operating system APIs to ensure that the code runs across platforms.

modularitydoesnotdirectlyaffectJava'splatformindependence.Java'splatformindependenceismaintainedbytheJVM,butmodularityinfluencesapplicationstructureandmanagement,indirectlyimpactingplatformindependence.1)Deploymentanddistributionbecomemoreefficientwi

BytecodeinJavaistheintermediaterepresentationthatenablesplatformindependence.1)Javacodeiscompiledintobytecodestoredin.classfiles.2)TheJVMinterpretsorcompilesthisbytecodeintomachinecodeatruntime,allowingthesamebytecodetorunonanydevicewithaJVM,thusfulf


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor
