Why Am I Getting 'java.sql.SQLException: Parameter index out of range (1 > number of parameters, which is 0)' in My Java Code?

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Troubleshooting "java.sql.SQLException: Parameter index out of range (1 > number of parameters, which is 0)"

In the realm of Java programming, the error "java.sql.SQLException: Parameter index out of range (1 > number of parameters, which is 0)" arises when attempting to execute a SQL query utilizing PreparedStatement without providing corresponding placeholders in the query string.

This error occurs specifically when calling setXxx() methods on PreparedStatement, ensuring proper data binding. However, if the SQL query does not contain any placeholders, the error will be triggered.

Cause:

The root cause of the error is the absence of placeholders (?) in the SQL query. PreparedStatement relies on these placeholders to allow for the insertion of parameters dynamically.

Solution:

To resolve this issue, you must modify your SQL query to include placeholders for each parameter you intend to set using the setXxx() methods. For example, if you have a query string like:

String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES (val1, val2, val3)";

You would need to modify it to the following:

String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";

It's important to note that the parameter index starts with 1. Hence, you do not need to quote the placeholders as follows:

String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES ('?', '?', '?')";

Doing so will result in the same error because the SQL parser treats the quoted placeholders as actual string values instead of placeholders for parameter binding.

Additional Considerations:

For further insight, it is recommended to refer to the following resources:

• [JDBC tutorial - prepared statements](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/prepared.html)

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