How to Send Multipart/Form-Data with Files and Form Data Using Python's Requests Library?

Sending Multipart/Form-Data Using Requests in Python

Multipart/form-data is a request format that allows for both form data and files to be sent in a single request. To use this format with requests in Python, specify a files parameter, which should be a dictionary where the keys are form data parameter names and the values are either file paths or tuples containing file content.

The following example demonstrates sending a file along with a text form value:

import requests

files = {'file_field': 'path/to/file.ext', 'text_field': 'text_value'}

response = requests.post('http://example.com/upload', files=files)

Controlling Filename and Content Type

You can control the filename and content type of each part by using a tuple as the value in the files dictionary. The tuple should contain 2 to 4 elements, as follows:

• Element 1: filename (optional)
• Element 2: content
• Element 3 (optional): content type
• Element 4 (optional): extra headers

For example, to specify a filename and content type for a text value:

files = {'text_field': (None, 'text_value', 'text/plain')}

Specifying Multiple Fields with the Same Name

To send multiple fields with the same name, use a list of tuples as the value in the files dictionary.

Using Requests-Toolbelt for Advanced Multipart Support

The requests-toolbelt project provides advanced Multipart support. Unlike requests, it defaults to not setting a filename parameter and allows fields to be streamed from open file objects.

Here's an example using requests-toolbelt:

from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder

mp_encoder = MultipartEncoder(
    fields={
        'file_field': ('file.ext', open('path/to/file.ext', 'rb'), 'application/octet-stream'),
        'text_field': 'text_value',
    }
)

response = requests.post(
    'http://example.com/upload',
    data=mp_encoder,
    headers={'Content-Type': mp_encoder.content_type}
)

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