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Accessing Characters in a Go String
This question explores how to access characters within a Go string, delving into the nature of strings as slices of bytes and the relationship between characters, runes, and Unicode code points.
Original Question:
How can I obtain the "E" character instead of the numerical value 69 when accessing "HELLO"[1]?
Answer:
To retrieve characters from a string, one must understand Go's character representation. Interpreted string literals are sequences of characters encoded in UTF-8, where ASCII characters occupy just one byte. Hence, to get the "E" character, the following conversion is necessary:
fmt.Println(string("Hello"[1])) // ASCII only
Alternative: Using Runes
For Unicode support, runes, which represent Unicode code points, can be used. These are compatible with UTF-8 strings:
fmt.Println(string([]rune("Hello, 世界")[1])) // UTF-8
This code will output the "e" character.
Go's Character Handling Capabilities
It's worth noting that Go provides functions for converting between characters and bytes. For instance, the byte(c) method converts a character (rune) to its corresponding byte, while rune(b) converts a byte to a character.
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