How Do I Properly Create Newline Characters in PHP?

Understanding Newline Characters in PHP

In PHP, the task of creating a newline character can be straightforward yet encounter unexpected behavior. This article addresses the issue, providing a clear understanding and solution.

The user attempted to create a newline using "rn" within a single quoted string, but it resulted in a literal "rn" being printed in the output file instead of a newline. This is because single quoted strings in PHP interpret escape sequences differently from double quoted strings.

In PHP, only double quoted strings interpret the escape sequences "r" and "n" as '0x0D' and '0x0A' respectively, which represent carriage return and line feed characters. Therefore, to create a newline in PHP, you must use double quoted strings, like this:

echo "\r\n";

Single quoted strings, on the other hand, only recognize the escape sequences "" and "'". If you require a newline within a single quoted string, you cannot use escape sequences. Instead, you can concatenate the single quoted string with a line break generated elsewhere, using either a double quoted string containing "rn" or the chr function:

$s = 'some text before the line break' . "\r\n" . 'some text after';

$s = 'some text before the line break' . chr(0x0D) . chr(0x0A) . 'some text after';

Alternatively, you can directly type the line break into the single quoted string using your editor's line break settings.

By understanding the difference in behavior between single and double quoted strings in PHP, you can effectively create newlines as required.

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