How Can I Successfully Print Unicode Characters in C ?

Printing Unicode Characters in C

Attempting to print a Unicode character, such as the Russian Cyrillic letter "ф" (U 0444), can be challenging in C . This article explores how to successfully print Unicode characters using C methods.

Using Universal Character Names (UCNs)

The most straightforward method is to use Universal Character Names (UCNs). For instance, the character "ф" has a Unicode value of U 0444. In C , you can represent this as "u0444" or "U00000444".

int main() {
    wchar_t f = '\u0444';
    cout << f << endl;
}

Using Encodings

If your source code encoding supports the desired character, you can use it directly in your code. For example, in UTF-8 encoding, the character "ф" is 'u0444'.

char b = '\u0444';

Printing to Terminal Emulators

Printing Unicode characters to a terminal emulator depends on the emulator's encoding and compatibility with the compiler's execution encoding. If they match, using std::cout is sufficient.

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, ф or \u0444!\n";
}

Handling Windows Specifics

Working with Windows requires additional considerations. One approach is to set the output file handle to UTF-16 using _setmode().

#include <iostream>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int main() {
    _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_U16TEXT);
    std::wcout << L"Hello, \u0444!\n";
}

Alternatively, for portability, you can use wide strings (wchar_t) and write to the wide stream (std::wcout) directly.

int main() {
    wchar_t f = L'\u0444'; // Prepend L to denote wide char literal
    wcout << f << endl;
}

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