Where Should I Place the @Transactional Annotation: Service Layer or DAO Layer?

Optimizing @Transactional Annotation Placement

When incorporating the @Transactional annotation in Java applications, it raises the question of where it should be placed. Should you annotate DAO classes, DAO methods, Service classes, or both layers?

Placing Transactions on the Service Layer

The recommendation is to place transactions on the Service layer. This layer has a comprehensive understanding of business use cases and units of work. By annotating the Service classes, you can manage transactions effectively, ensuring that multiple DAOs injected into a single service collaborate in a single transactional unit. This approach provides clarity and control in handling complex business interactions across multiple data access layers.

Reasons to Avoid DAO-Level Transactions

While it may seem convenient to place transactions at the DAO level, this can lead to potential drawbacks. DAOs typically focus on isolated data access operations, and placing transactions there can hinder the flexibility of managing transactional boundaries across multiple DAOs. Furthermore, it can create coupling between the data access layer and the business logic, reducing the modularity and maintainability of the application.

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