How to Properly Handle PDO Prepare Statement Errors in PHP?

How to Properly Configure PDO to Handle Prepare Query Errors in PHP

When executing SQL queries using PDO PHP, it's essential to properly handle errors. The prepare() method can generate MySQL errors, but default settings may prevent them from being displayed.

Setting Error Mode

To capture errors in the prepare() method, set the PDO attribute PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE to PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION. This will throw exceptions when errors occur.

Disabling Emulation

Additionally, disable the PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES feature to ensure MySQL processes the statement immediately. Otherwise, the error may not be detected until execution.

Example

The following example demonstrates how to configure PDO to properly handle errors:

$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test;charset=utf8', 'localonly', 'localonly');
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, false);

try {
    $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO DoesNotExist (x) VALUES (?)');
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    // Handle the error message
    $errorMessage = $e->getMessage();
}

Error Output

When attempting to execute an invalid query, the above example will print (or log) the error message:

SQLSTATE[42S02]: Base table or view not found: 
1146 Table 'test.DoesNotExist' doesn't exist

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