How Can I Fix an Element to the X-Axis Only in CSS and JavaScript?

Positioning an Element Fixed on the X-Axis Only

In CSS, the position property allows you to control the positioning of an element on the page. By default, elements are positioned as "static," meaning they are placed according to the flow of the page. However, you can use other values to position elements more precisely.

To fix an element on the x-axis only, you can use the fixed position. This will lock the element's position relative to the viewport, so it will not move horizontally even when the page scrolls.

#element {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
}

However, using fixed positioning on a single axis can cause the element to overlap other content on the page when it scrolls vertically. To prevent this, you can use JavaScript to dynamically adjust the element's position on the y-axis when the page is scrolled.

JavaScript Solution

Using jQuery, you can attach a scroll event listener to the window and update the element's top position accordingly.

$(window).scroll(function() {
  $('#element').css('top', $(this).scrollTop());
});

This will ensure that the element remains fixed on the x-axis while scrolling vertically.

CSS Solution

Another method to achieve this behavior purely with CSS is to use transform: translate(). This transformation function can be applied to an element to move it vertically without affecting its position on the x-axis.

#element {
  position: fixed;
  left: 15px;
  transform: translate(0, -$(window).scrollTop());
}

This approach will also prevent the element from overlapping other content when it scrolls.

Updated Solution

As suggested by @PierredeLESPINAY, to make the script support changes in the CSS without having to recode them, you can grab the initial left position of the element using parseInt($("#element").css('left')) and use it in the script as an offset.

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