Why Does Vertical-Aligning a Child Element Affect the Parent's Alignment in CSS?

Vertical Alignment Behavior in CSS

When using the vertical-align property, it might be unexpected that applying it to one element can affect the alignment of other elements in the vicinity. This is not necessarily a bug or an error but rather a consequence of how the property works.

In CSS, vertical-align defines the vertical alignment of an element relative to its surrounding elements. When applied to an inline element like a , it aligns the element vertically within its parent element, which is typically a block-level element like a

or

.

In the example provided, the element has a vertical-align value of middle, which indicates that it should be vertically centered within its parent

element. However, since the element has a defined height, it will occupy the entire space allotted to it within the

, effectively pushing the parent element down.

The parent

element, in turn, has a yellow background, which extends to fill the space occupied by the . Since the

is a block-level element, it adjusts its height to accommodate the and align the entire block vertically within its container.

Therefore, the unexpected result is not that the content is not vertically aligned, but rather that the entire

element is aligned because of the vertical-align applied to its child. This is the expected behavior of vertical-align in the given context.

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